All cmd windows commands with detailed descriptions. Windows Command Line Basics. Commands and executables

About two decades ago, there was no Start menu or taskbar. Friendly GUI, which we know did not exist then, but instead there was a black screen with a blinking cursor. But if you need to access some Windows elements, you will still have to open a command prompt or CMD:

If you've never used the command line, this guide will help you get up to speed and tell you some CMD commands you should know in case of emergencies.

To access it in Windows 7 or higher, you can type in the search bar "Start" menu " cmd" or " command line" You can also find it here: Start Menu - All Programs - Accessories - Command line . You can find a complete list of parameters for each of the commands below on the Microsoft website.

Please note that the commands are not case sensitive and you need to press Enter to execute them.

Basic Command Line Commands

DIR is short for Directory, this CMD command for a beginner Lists all files and folders in a specific directory. As well as their size, extension and free space remaining on the disk. The command can be changed with additional parameters, such as DIR /р ( lists pages by page), DIR /q ( displays information about the site owner), DIR /w ( displays a list in expanded format with maximum number files on one line), DIR/d ( displays a list in an expanded format divided into columns), DIR /n ( prints a long list in one line), DIR /l ( prints an unsorted list of directory and file names in lowercase), DIR /b ( displays a list of files without additional information). DIR /s lists the files and directories of a given directory, as well as all subdirectories. By entering DIR/? , you will see a list of all available options.

CD or CHDIR command ( Change Directory) is intended to change the directory. The command performs several operations. CD takes you to the very top of the directory tree. CD.. moves you to the parent directory of the current one. CD directory-name takes you to that directory. Type CD to display the name of the current directory.

MD or MKDIR ( Make Directory) allows you to create a directory (folder). To create a directory, use the following syntax: MD directory-name .

CLS clears the screen. This CMD command in Windows is used if the command line emulator is filled with a list of commands and their operations.

EDIT filename allows you to change the contents of the file.

The DEL command allows you to delete one or more files. Alternatively, you can use the ERASE command. To delete a file, use the DEL filename syntax.

If you want to delete all files with a specific extension, then enter DEL *.doc and all files with the doc extension will be deleted from the current directory. DEL *.* removes all files from the current directory, so be careful with this command.

RD or RMDIR - You can use this command to delete a folder, but the folder must be empty. The syntax is quite simple. Enter RD foldername. If you want to delete a folder that is not empty, you can use RD /S foldername. Be careful with this command as it permanently deletes the folder and all its contents.

RENAME , or REN, renames a file or directory. The syntax of this computer control CMD command is as follows: RENAME current-name new-name. For example, if you want to rename a file named iPhone.txt to iPad.txt , enter RENAME iPhone.txt iPad.txt .

MOVE allows you to move one or more files from one directory to another. For example, if you want to move the file 1.txt located in the current directory to a folder named Numericals inside the current directory, enter MOVE 1.txt Numericals .
If you have tried to rename a directory (folder) using the RENAME command in the above way, then you know that it does not work. The MOVE command will help us with this, since it can also be used to rename directories. Type MOVE current-name new-name, where current-name is the name of the directory in the current folder.

The COPY command allows you to copy one or more files from one location to another. The command allows you to merge files of the same type. Let's look at various examples of using the COPY command:

COPY filename foldername will copy the file filename to an existing folder;
COPY filename new filename creates a copy of the file with a new name;
COPY *.doc Word copies all files with a .doc extension to a folder named Word.

CMD core team XCOPY is for files and directories, including subdirectories. The simplest option Its use is to copy all files from one disk to another. Syntax: XCOPY Source-drive: Destination-drive: /e, where the /e option allows you to copy all subdirectories, even if they are empty. Use /s to prevent copying of empty directories. You can use the folder names of the source drive or destination drive to simply copy the entire contents of one folder to another.

Additional commands

The FORMAT command in CMD allows you to erase information from the hard drive or prepare it for copying data if you have installed new disk. The syntax to use the command is: FORMAT drive: . If you want to reformat a specific drive for a specific file system, you can do this using the command: FORMAT drive: /fs: file-system, where filesystem can be: FAT, FAT32 or NTFS. After applying the command, all data from the disk will be erased without a trace.

FC - Used to compare two files with each other. Let's say you have two files gadgets360_1.txt and gadgets360_2.txt . To compare them, you need to enter the following command: FC gadgets360_1.txt gadgets360_2.txt.

IPCONFIG displays detailed information about network settings: IP address, and also tells you the type of network connection your computer has (using Wi-Fi or Ethernet). Type IPCONFIG /ALL to get an overview of all network settings, including which DNS servers you are using. Enter IPCONFIG /RENEW to obtain a new IP address from the DHCP server. This may help if you are having problems connecting to the Internet.

I recently grew from a fierce nerd in a very large company to a modest system administrator overseeing a network of 10 PCs. And, like a very lazy system administrator, I was faced with the task of automating my activities. Six months ago, I didn’t yet know that there were pipelines in the Windows command line. This was the first shocking discovery. And I went further, and it turned out that where I had previously written utilities in C#, Delphi or cumbersome scripts with nested loops, I could get by with a couple of forfiles or robocopy commands.
I won’t talk about banalities, such as listing files and folders using the Tab key. Under the hack I’ll tell you about what can be useful for novice admins and enikeys.

Hotkeys

Let's start with hotkeys, because first we need to explore what the work environment can give us.

F1- In the console, this key works exactly like the right arrow, i.e. displays one character at a time from the last command entered (or selected in the history).
F2+<символ> - Prints the last command entered up to the specified character. For example, if the last command you entered looked like this:
ping 192.168.25.1
then after pressing the key combination F2+5 You'll get:
ping 192.168.2
F3- Displays the last, and only the last, command in its entirety.
F5- Displays the last commands entered in order, just like the up arrow.
F6- Inserts the EOF character at the current command line position, which is the same as pressing Ctrl + Z.
F7- A dialog box containing the command history.

Alt+F7- Clears command history.
<символ(ы)>+F8- Iterates through commands that begin with characters already entered into the command line.
If before pressing F8 do not enter anything, then this key will work like the up arrow, but with a slight difference - the lines will be cycled through, i.e. after the first command from the list the last one will be displayed.
F9+<число> - Inserts a command from history under the corresponding number. For example, in the situation shown in the screenshot above, when you press the combination F9+4 the following will appear in the console:
ipconfig

Command Line Operators

A long time ago, when I was little, I couldn’t even imagine how you could work in a console without a graphical interface. After all, the output of commands sometimes takes dozens of pages, and if you need to select some data from there, then page-by-page output will not save you. But one day I installed FreeBSD on my old computer, opened the handbook and was simply dizzy with the possibilities that opened up. There you can redirect the output of a command to the input of another command and this is called a pipeline.

The pipeline operator in *nix and cmd is the vertical bar character.
For example, the command will display all text files in the current folder
dir | find ".txt"

Command concatenation operator

&
Example: Command1 & Command2 – Command1 will be executed first, and only then Command2

Operator AND

&&
Example: Command1 && Command2 - Command2 will only be executed if Command1 succeeded

OR operator

||
Example: Command1 || Command2 - Command2 will only be executed if Command1 failed to execute.

Parentheses are used to group commands, examples:

(Command1 & Command2) && Command3 – If Command1 and Command2 are executed successfully, Command3 will be executed.
(Team1 & Team2) || Command3 - If Command1 and Command2 are not executed, Command3 will be executed.

Thank you for your attention! I'm waiting for criticism and suggestions...

UPD1

For those who are not in the know, circumflex (that “^” sign) means pressing the Ctrl key (^C = Ctrl +C).

^C - Interrupts the command, well, everyone knows that.
^S - Pauses the command and then runs it.
^I - Analogous to Tab, iterates through folders and files.
^M - Analogous to Enter.
^H - Analogous to Backspace.
^G - By writing the command echo ^G in a batch file, you can beep the system speaker (speaker).
(The commands ^I and ^H were obtained by me using the “scientific poke” method; there is also ^J but I don’t know what it does)

P.S. Other subtleties of the command Windows strings, have already been covered on Habré several times. And I don’t see the point in copy-pasting.
P.P.S. Links to interesting posts and articles on other Windows command line features.

Most users personal computers do not face the need to use any CMD command. Many people simply lack the functions provided by the visual shell of the operating system. However, there are situations when you have to manipulate the system directly, and that’s when the command line comes to the rescue.

What is the command line

This software, which is part of the standard programs of the system. CMD provides the user with the ability to work with the system and files directly. The application has a text interface, and the execution result is displayed on the screen. Simply put, the command line translates user requests into a form that the system can understand. Outwardly, of course, the program does not look very familiar to the average user, but at the same time it has a number of positive properties, and besides, it is faster than the visual component. built into every version of the Windows operating system.

Ways to launch the command line

The operating system developers have provided several options for launching CMD:

Go to the Start menu / Accessories / then select “Command Prompt” from the list.
Go to the Start menu, select "Run", in the window that appears, enter CMD.exe in the line. You can also open the Run window using the Win+R key combination.
Go to the system folder C:\Windows\system32 and select the CMD.exe program.

Most of the most important commands can be obtained using the Help command. After entering of this request Windows CMD commands will appear with information on how to use them. All of them can be divided into several fairly broad groups. Their division occurs according to the principle of application. For example, CMD commands to run the commands used. The most common of them will be presented below. They are also the most necessary CMD line commands.

Basic commands for working with system directories

This list of commands will be useful if you need to access folders located on the system:

Dir - provides the ability to view folders as a list. Using additional command line criteria, you can sort directories based on a number of options.
RD - provides the ability to delete an unnecessary directory. With additional parameters, you can set deletion criteria: for example, delete several folders at once.
MD - command creates new folder(catalog). Various options allow you to create different types of directories.
CD - provides the ability to move from one directory to another, in some cases you will need to use quotes.
XCopy - used to copy folders without changing their structure. Unlike Copy, this one has more advanced command capabilities. Via CMD, you can perform fairly flexible operations with this request.
Tree - provides the ability to display directories graphically. By default, the display is done using pseudographics.
Move - used to both move and change the directory name. The command makes it possible to move several folders at a time.

Basic commands for working with files

These CMD file commands can be useful to many personal computer users:

del - command used to delete. Can be used to delete one or several files. In addition, there is an option to delete read-only files;
edit - the command launches a text editor;
ren - allows you to rename a file. You can also use rename;
move - used to move and rename a file;
copy con - allows you to create a new file;
fc - allows you to compare what is in two files. The result of the work is the appearance of symbols that provide information about the status of the comparison;
type - applicable for text documents. The execution of the command is to display the contents of the file on the screen;
copy - allows you to copy and also merge files.

Commands for diagnosing the hard drive of the computer and system

In addition to all the above advantages, CMD commands allow you to check for errors in operation hard drives or change volume labels, as well as defragmentation.

Compact - the command allows you to display and configure compression in the file NTFS system. Using this command you can significantly save disk space.
Format - formats a disk or floppy disk. Please note that formatting will result in complete removal all data on the media.
Chkdisk - checks and displays information about the media. The team will help you find out about the occupied space, the amount of space on bad sectors, and so on.
Fsutil - provides information about the file system and allows you to make changes to it.
Chkntfs - allows you to show and configure during Windows startup.
Convert - allows you to convert a volume from one file system to another. It is not possible to change the type of the active volume or disk.
Recover - a command for recovering data from damaged media. This process occurs by reading one sector after another. Reading occurs only from those sectors from which it is possible to read. Data located in physically damaged sectors will not be recovered. Most often, text documents are recovered from damaged floppy disks in this way.
Diskpart - allows you to open disk data and make the required settings.
Vol - provides serial number information hard drive.
Label - used to view and edit volume labels. Please note that the volume name can contain no more than 11 characters, and NTFS 32 characters.

Information commands

This type of command will help you obtain information about versions, configurations, and installed drivers:

ver - provides information about the system version using the CMD command, Windows 7 also supports this request;
driverquery - allows you to view information about installed drivers; The display can be in the form of a list, table or CSV;
systeminfo - Provides information about system configurations. Configurations can be viewed both locally and in addition, the command provides properties about service packs.

processes and applications

Commands for managing and changing operating system settings:

shutdown - the command is used to shut down, restart or put the computer into sleep mode. If the user has the necessary rights, it is possible to carry out settings remotely;
time - used to display and change the current time;
date - used to display and change the current date;
tasklist - provides the user with a list of processes currently running on a local or remote personal computer;
schtasks - allows you to create, configure or delete scheduled tasks in operating system. In the graphical interface, the command is represented by the Task Scheduler program;
taskkill - used to terminate processes using identifiers or names of executable files. The tool began to be used with Windows XP.

Commands to customize the command line

This group of commands relates directly to setting up the CMD. The commands will help you clear the screen, change its appearance, and so on:

Exit - allows you to close batch data or close the command line altogether.
Color - provides the ability to change the background or font color in the command line window. The color is specified as a hexadecimal digit. The most significant bit indicates brightness, and the subsequent bits indicate color. The default is white letters on a black background.
Title - allows you to change the name of the CMD.exe window.
CMD - allows you to open a new Windows command line interpreter window. Usually the need for this command occurs when you want to predefine the actual CMD settings.
Prompt - allows you to change the command line greeting. If you use the command without parameters, the prompt text will look like: current drive, directory and the greater-than symbol.

Network CMD commands

Most users rarely need these queries, but professionals believe that these codes are very helpful when working with a computer:

getmac - command provides information about hardware addresses network adapters. In this case, you can find out both local and remote addresses;
netsh.exe - the command opens another line. Using it, you can configure the network if necessary. Many experienced users find this program indispensable. To get help about commands, you must write it with a question mark;
ipconfig - allows you to obtain information about protocol settings. Sometimes the command allows you to update data in automatic mode. Older operating systems may not support this CMD command;
nbtstat - the main purpose of the command is to display NetBt information. in addition, names and contents are displayed;
netstat.exe - This command displays information about connections. The output data allows you to see all the information related to

It is worth remembering that, in addition to these network commands, there are some more that will help make things easier for users. It should be remembered that these commands should only be used when you are confident in the action being performed. Improper use of CMD commands can lead to serious problems in the operation of your personal computer.

List of useful commands

In addition to the above commands, there are a huge number of others:

break - the command allows you to enable processing of the CTRL+C keys;
debug - launches a tool for debugging and other changes to software products;
devcon - the command launches a tool alternative to the task manager;
exe2bin - the command converts exe format applications to binary format;
hostname - provides the ability to obtain the computer name;
logoff - the command shuts down the Windows system.

All the given CMD commands will simplify the work with some software. The main thing is not to try to use requests for purposes other than their intended purpose, in order to avoid losses important information and other undesirable consequences.

Save it for yourself so you don’t lose it!

How to control a computer without a mouse? To do this, you can launch the Windows cmd command line using the win r key combination, and then type cmd in the console that appears and press Enter.

The command prompt window opened. Through it, you can turn off the computer, create/delete folders, set program launch schedules, make programs system programs, change file extensions, start and stop applications, and much more.

Thus, if you want a number of cmd commands to be executed automatically on your computer, you can write them down in notepad and save them with the extension. bat.

An example of a simple program:
@Echo off.
Color 0a.
Chcp 1251.
Echo.
Reboot your computer.
Pause.
Shutdown/r.

This program restarts the computer and requires you to press any key to do this. To stop the execution of the program, you simply need to close the window that appears.

Similar bat files (bat files) are often used to write computer viruses, which, by the way, are not noticed antivirus programs(in most cases. And for secrecy they are translated into .exe format.

You can read more about the cmd commands below (or you can just write Help on the command line.

A.
Append - Allows programs to open files in specified directories as if they were in the current directory.

arp - displays and changes IP-to-physical address conversion tables used by the address resolution protocol.

Assoc - display or change associations based on file name extensions.

at - the command is designed to launch programs at a specified time.

Atmsdm - monitors connections and addresses registered by the ATM call manager on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks.

Attrib - change the attributes of files and folders.

Auditusr - sets the user audit policy.

B.
Break - enable the Ctrl C key processing mode.

Bootcfg - This command line program can be used to configure, retrieve, change or remove command line options in Boot file. ini.

C.
Cacls - view changes to ACL access control tables for files.

Call - calling one batch file from another.

cd - display the name or change the current folder.

Chcp - output or change the active code page.

Chdir - output or change the current folder.

Chkdsk - disk check and report output.

Chkntfs - Displays or changes disk check parameters during boot.

Ciddaemon is a file indexing service.

Cipher is a file encryption program.

cls - clear interpreter screen.

cmd - launches a new command line window.

Cmstp - installing connection manager profiles.

Color - Sets the color for text and background in text boxes.

Comp - compares the contents of two files or sets of files.

Compact - view and change file compression settings in Ntfs partitions.

Convert - converts the FAT volume file system to Ntfs.

Copy - copy one or more files.

D.
Date - display or set the current date.

Debug is a tool for debugging and editing programs.

Defrag - disk defragmentation.

del - delete one or more files.

Devcon is a device manager alternative.

Diantz is the same as Makecab.

dir - displays a list of files and subfolders from the specified directory.

Diskcomp - compares the contents of two floppy disks.

Diskcopy - copying the contents of one floppy disk to another.

Diskpart - use the Diskpart script.

Diskperf - disk performance counter.

Doskey - editing and call back Windows commands; creating Doskey macros.

Driverquery - list view installed drivers devices and their properties.

E.
Echo - display messages and switch the mode of displaying commands on the screen.

Edit - launch the MS - DOS editor.

Endlocal - complete localization of environment changes in the batch file.

Edlin - launch a line-by-line text editor.

Erase - deleting one or more files.

Esentutl - maintenance of utilities for Microsoft (R) Windows databases.

Eventcreate - This command allows the administrator to create a special event entry in the specified event log.

Eventtriggers - This command allows the administrator to display and configure event triggers on a local or remote system.

Exe2bin - converts EXE files into binary format.

Exit - end the command line.

Expand - unpacks compressed files.

F.
fc - compares two files or two sets of files and prints the differences between them.

Find - search for a text string in one or more files.

Findstr - search for strings in files.

Finger - displays information about users of the specified system.

Fltmc - work with driver load filter.

for - execute the specified command for each file in the set.

Forcedos - comparison of MS - DOS applications that are not recognized by the system Microsoft Windows XP.

Format - formatting the disk for working with Windows.

Fontview is a font viewer.

Fsutil - Manage reparse points, manage sparse files, unmount a volume, or extend a volume.

ftp is a file transfer program.

Ftype - View and change file types associated with filename extensions.

G.
Getmac - displays the MAC address of one or more computer network adapters.

Goto - transfers control to the line containing the label in the batch file.

Gpresult - Displays the resulting policy (Rsop) for the specified user and computer.

Gpupdate - performing group policy updates.

Graftabl - select a code page for displaying symbols of national alphabets in graphical mode.

H.
Help - does not display full list commands that are used in cmd.

Hostname - displays the computer name.

I.
if - statement conditional execution commands in a batch file.

Ipconfig - displays the subnet mask, default gateway and information about your IP.

Ipxroute is a Nwlink IPX routing management program.

L.
Label - create, change and delete volume labels for a disk.

Lodctr - updating counter names and explanatory text for an extended counter.

Logman - Schedule management for performance counters and event trace log.

Logoff - ending a Windows session.

lpq - displays the queue status of the remote print queue lpq.

lpr - sends a print job to a network printer.

Lsass is a local security definition server.

M.
Makecab - archiving files in cab - archive.

md - create a folder.

mem - displays information about used and free memory.

Mkdir - creating a folder with extended functionality.

mmc - opens the MMC console window.

Mode - debugging system devices.

Mofcomp - 32-bit. Microsoft (R) MOF compiler.

More - sequential output of data in parts the size of one screen.

Mountvol - view, create and delete volume mount points.

Move - moving and renaming files and directories.

Mqbkup is a utility for archiving and restoring a message queue.

Mqsvc - provides an infrastructure for running distributed applications.

msg - send messages to the user.

Msiexec - launch Windows installer.

N.
Nbtstat - displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT (Netbios over TCP/IP.

net is an application package designed to work with the network.

Net1 is the same as net.

Netsh - local or remote display and change of network parameters.

Netstat - displays protocol statistics and current network connections TCP/IP.

Nslookup - displays information intended for DNS diagnostics.

Ntbackup - launches the archiving wizard.

Ntsd is a command line debugger.

O.
Odbcconf - setting up the Odbc driver.

Openfiles - this command allows the user to list open files and folders that were opened in the system.

P.
Pagefileconfig - setting up paging files and virtual memory.

Path - output or set the search path for executable files.

Pathping - displaying information about hidden networks and data loss.

Pause - pauses the execution of the cmd script.

Pentnt - Detects Pentium processor floating point division errors, disables hardware floating point processing, and enables floating point emulations.

Perfmon - opens the "Performance" window.

Ping - checks the connection with another computer.

Ping6 - communication test command.

Popd - changes one folder to the one that was saved by the Pushd command.

Powercfg - this command allows you to control the power supply of the system.

Print - print a text file.

Prncnfg - setting printer parameters.

Prompt - change the cmd command line prompt. exe.

Proxycfg is a Proxy connection configuration tool.

Pushd - saves the values of the current directory for use by the Popd command.

Q.
Qappsrv - Displays available terminal servers on the network.

Qprocess - displays information about processes.

Qwinsta - displays information about terminal sessions.

R.
Rasdial is a command line communication interface for the remote access service client.

rcp - exchange files with a computer running the RCP service.

Recover - recovery of saved data on a damaged disk.

reg - editing system registry via the command line.

Regsvr32 - registration server.

Relog - creates a new performance log from an existing one.

rem - placing a comment in a batch file.

ren - rename files and folders.

Rename - renaming files and folders.

Replace - replacing files.

Reset is a terminal services reset utility.

Rexec - execution of commands on remote nodes running the Rexec service.

rd - delete a folder.

Rmdir - deleting a folder.

Route - processing of network route tables.

rsh - execute commands on remote nodes running the RSH service.

rsm - media resource management using the Removable Storage service.

Runas - using applications on behalf of another user.

Rundll32 - launching standard commands - functions embedded in the dll.

Rwinsta - reset the values of equipment subsystems and session programs to their initial state.

S.
sc - establishing a connection with NT Service Controller and its services.

Schtasks - create, delete, modify and poll scheduled tasks on a local or remote system.

Sdbinst is a compatibility database installer.

Secedit - automates security configuration tasks.

set - display, assign and delete variables on the command line.

Setlocal - start localizing environment changes in a batch file.

Setver - specifies the version number that MS - DOS reports to the program.

sfc - Windows file scan.

Shadow - Allows you to monitor another Terminal Services session.

Shift - changes the contents of the substituted parameters for the batch file.

Shutdown - ending the session, shutting down and rebooting the Windows system.

Smbinst is a process owned by System Management Bios Driver Installer.

Sort - sorting files.
Start - launch a program or command in a separate window.

Subst - mapping the drive name to the specified path.

Systeminfo - displays information about system settings.

T.
Taskkill - termination of one or more processes.

Tasklist - shows running programs and processes currently running.

Tcmsetup - installing a telephony client.

Tftp - file sharing with remote computer, which is running the Tftp service.

Time - view or change the current time.

Title - assignment of the title of the interpreter window.

Tlntadmn - remote control computer.

Tracert - trace the route to the specified node.

Tracerpt - Processes event tracking log binaries or data streams.

Tracert6 is a version of Tracert for the IPv6 protocol.

Tree - displays the disk or directory structure as a tree.

Tscon - attaches a user session to a terminal session.

Tsdiscon - disable the terminal session.

Tskill - termination of the process.

Tsshutdn - shutdown the server in the prescribed manner.

Type - display the contents of text files on the screen. Typeperf - Prints performance information to the screen or to a log. U Unlodctr - removing counter names and explanatory text for an extended counter. Userinit is a Windows system explorer. V ver - display information about Windows versions. Verify - setting the mode for checking the correctness of writing files to disk. vol - displays the label and serial number of the volume for the disk. Vssadmin is a volume shadow copy command line tool. W W32tm - time service diagnostics. Wbemtest - toolkit tester Windows management. Winver - displays information about the Windows version. Wmic is a scripting tool. X Xcopy - copying files and folder trees.

In order to start working with the command line on Windows, you first need to find it. In Windows 7 and Windows 10, this can be done in several popular ways.

Method 1. Press the key combination on the keyboard “Win” “R”

and in the Run window write the cmd command

After which the Windows command line will be launched.

Method 2. In Start, write the command CMD or “command line” and select the program icon.

If you need to run as administrator, click right click mouse over the cmd file and select “Run as administrator”.

These CMD file commands can be useful to many personal computer users:

del - command used to delete. Can be used to delete one or several files. In addition, there is an option to delete read-only files;
edit - the command launches a text editor;
ren - allows you to rename a file. You can also use rename;
move - used to move and rename a file;
copy con - allows you to create a new file;
fc - allows you to compare what is in two files. The result of the work is the appearance of symbols that provide information about the status of the comparison;
type - applicable for text documents. The execution of the command is to display the contents of the file on the screen;
copy - allows you to copy and also merge files.

Command line command. List of all existing Windows command line commands:

ASSOC Print or modify mappings based on file name extensions.
ATTRIB View and modify file properties.
BREAK Locks or unlocks enhanced CTRL+C processing in DOS.
BCDEDIT Sets properties in the boot database that allows you to control the initial boot.
CACLS Lists data and modifies access control lists (ACLs) on files.
CALL Calls one batch file from another, and can also pass input arguments.
CD Displays the title or moves to another folder.
CHCP Output or set the encoding.
CHDIR Displays the name or moves to another folder.
CHKDSK Diagnoses the drive for errors.
CHKNTFS Shows or changes drive diagnostics during boot.
CLSO clears the display of all characters.
CMD Launches a Windows command line program. You can run an infinite number of them on one computer. They will work independently of each other.
COLOR Changes and sets the main background of the window and the fonts themselves.
COMP Shows differences and compares the contents of two files.
COMPACT Changes and displays file compression in NTFS.
CONVERT Converts FAT disk volumes to NTFS. The current drive cannot be changed.
COPY Creates a copy of a file or files and places them in the specified location.
DATE Shows or sets the current date.
DEL Destroys one or more files at once.
DIR Shows the names of files and folders with their creation date located in the current folder or specified in the folder settings.
DISKCOMP Compares and shows the differences between 2 floppy drives.
DISKCOPY Copies the contents of one floppy drive to another.
DISKPART Shows and changes the properties of a disk partition.
DOSKEY Modifies and re-invokes command lines; creates macros.
DRIVERQUERY Displays information about the status and attributes of a device driver.
ECHO Outputs text information and changes the display mode of commands on the screen.
ENDLOCAL Ends environment localization for a batch file.
ERASE Destroys a file or files.
EXIT Terminates the command line program
FC Shows the differences between two files or two sets of files and compares them
FIND Searches for a text string in files or in a single file.
FINDSTR Advanced Search text strings in files.
FOR Loop. Repeats execution of the same command a specified number of times
FORMAT Formats the drive for use with Windows.
FSUTIL Shows and sets file system attributes.
FTYPE Allows you to change and view file types, which are mainly used when matching by file name extensions.
GOTO Transfers control to another specified command.
GPRESULT Displays information about group policy for a computer or user.
GRAFTABL Gives Windows feature show extended character set in graphical mode.
HELP Lists all existing Windows commands.
ICACLS Displays, modifies, archives, or restores ACLs for files and folders.
IF Executes commands based on a given condition.
LABEL Creates, modifies, and destroys volume labels for drives.
MD Creates an empty directory.
MKDIR Creates an empty directory.
MKLINK Creates symbolic and hard links
MODE Configures system devices.
MORE Sequentially displays information in blocks the size of one screen.
MOVE Moves files from one location to another.
OPENFILES Shows files that are open on shared folder remote user.
PATH Displays or sets the full path to executable files.
PAUSE Stops execution of command line commands and displays informational text.
POPD Restores the previous active folder value that was saved using the PUSHD command.
PRINT Prints the contents of a text file.
PROMPT Modifies the Windows command prompt.
PUSHD Saves the active folder value and moves to another folder.
RD Destroys the directory.
RECOVER Revives readable data from a bad or damaged hard drive.
REM Places comments in batch files and the CONFIG.SYS file.
REN Changes the name of both files and folders.
RENAME Similar to the REN command.
REPLACE Replaces files.
RMDIR Destroys a directory.
ROBOCOPY Advanced tool for copying files and entire folders
SET Shows, sets, and destroys Windows environment variables.
SETLOCAL Localizes environment changes in a batch file.
SC Allows you to work with services
SCHTASKS Allows you to run any programs and sequentially execute the necessary commands according to a given plan
SHIFT Changes the position (shift) of the substituted parameters for the batch file.
SHUTDOWN Shuts down the computer.
SORT Sorts input according to specified parameters.
START Starts a program or command in a new window.
SUBST Assigns a drive name to the specified path.
SYSTEMINFO Displays information about the operating system and configuration of the computer.
TASKLIST Shows a list of all running processes with their identifiers.
TASKKILL “Kills” or stops the process.
TIME Sets and displays the system time.
TITLE Sets the title of the window for the current session of the command line interpreter CMD.EXE
TREE Displays the drive directories in a convenient visual form.
TYPE Displays the contents of text files.
VER Outputs brief information about the Windows version.
VERIFY Checks for file write errors on the drive.
VOL Displays marks and serial number drive volumes.
XCOPY Creates a copy of files.
WMIC Displays WMI on the command line.

Video Windows Command Line (CMD).Part 1

Let's look at all the options:

Run cmd as administrator using the Win+X key combination;
Call the command line via Windows search 10;
Opening a Windows 10 command prompt shortcut with administrator rights;
Command line execution via Windows Utilities;
Calling the Windows 10 command line through the “Task Manager”;
Open cmd from explorer.

Run cmd as administrator using the Win+X key combination

Press the Win+X key combination and select “Command Prompt (Administrator).”

Calling the command line through Windows 10 search

To call the command line, hover the mouse over the search button, enter “CMD”, right-click - “Run as administrator”.

Opening Windows 10 Command Prompt Shortcut with Administrator Rights

We create a shortcut on the desktop according to the methods described in the article about the usual launch of the command line in Windows 10. Next, right-click and select “Run as administrator.”

Command line execution via Windows Utilities

To execute the command line, open the Start menu - Windows System Tools - Command Prompt, then right-click "Advanced" - "Run as administrator".

Calling the Windows 10 Command Prompt via Task Manager

To open the command line in the “Task Manager”, open the “File” tab, select “Run a new task”, enter “CMD” in the window that opens, check the “Create a task with administrator rights” checkbox and click the “Ok” button.

Open cmd from Windows Explorer

The advantage of this method is that the path in the “cmd” window that opens will correspond to the path to the folder. Opening the command line from the Explorer menu: “File” - “Open command line” - “Open command line as Administrator”.

The command line, or console, is a special tool for deep customization of the Windows 8 operating system. This utility designed to work with MsDos commands. The lack of a graphical interface often frightens users, but with the help of this program you can quickly perform any operation in the system. Some actions (for example, ping checking or tracing) cannot be done at all in any other way. This article describes in detail how to call the console, and also describes the basics of working with it.

Run Dialog Box

The simplest and quick way open the command line using the “Run” dialog. This is another text-based utility that is designed to quick launch programs in Windows by entering their names. There is nothing complicated in working with the dialogue, just follow the instructions provided:

Press the "Win" and "R" buttons on your keyboard at the same time. Using this key combination you can quickly bring up the Run dialog.
In the text field of the window that opens, you must enter the command “cmd” without quotes.
Press Enter or the “Ok” button to confirm the command entry and open the console.

If you are using operating system version 8.1, at the bottom of the screen you will have a Start menu button, as in the “seventh” part. This menu contains a search bar, the functions of which are similar to the dialog described above. Use it if you find the hotkeys inconvenient.

Open as administrator

Some actions that may affect the operation of the operating system can only be performed with Windows administrator rights. To do this, you need to open the console in another way:

Basics

All actions in the console are performed using text commands. To see a list of them and get help, type “Help” and press Enter. The utility will show you a list of various features that are available to the user. If you want more detailed information about any of them, type "help command_name".

CMD Windows command line. The need to use the command line

The cmd line, which is a standard Windows platform tool, is no different in different versions operating systems - in the seventh, and in the eighth, and in the tenth, and even in XP. And all teams work the same way in each of them.

The advantage of using a string is that it speeds things up - sometimes enter the right command much faster than searching the system folders for the corresponding file. Moreover, to speed up work with CMD, a link to it can be displayed on the desktop - or even on the Quick Launch panel.

The disadvantages of the interface are:

manual command entry from the keyboard;
the need to run CMD as an administrator (most commands will not run otherwise);
a fairly large list of commands that are difficult to remember.

Externally, the command line is very similar to the interface DOS systems. And, although it allows you to solve many more problems, some commands are the same as the outdated platform. For example, “format”, “cd” and “dir”, necessary for working with folders and drives.

Windows for communicating with the computer in a language it understands. However, programs are still launched using the regular command line (console). It is the founder of the interface and a means of communication between the user and the PC. The essence of the work is that commands are entered into a line using the keyboard. This control method is often used system administrators. Regular users should also know basic commands.

Console - what is it?

Launch Windows programs carried out using the console - command line. This is one of the types of text interface that has become available to many MS DOS users. Enter commands into the command line at manual mode. Many people consider the console to be an outdated management method, which is often needed by users and system specialists. The command line is a black window with a green location label and a blinking cursor. The corresponding command for the computer is entered into the specified location.

The Command Prompt is an incredibly convenient window for solving many problems. However, to interact with the console you will need knowledge of writing commands. The advantage is that they reduce the time required to complete complex actions. To do this, just enter the desired task in the line.

Why are teams needed?

Command line commands are necessary to establish user interaction with the operating system and computer. Working with the command line is an urgent need for specialists who are involved in system administration. The console is a small part of what you can use as a tool to work with Windows. The command line is convenient, fast, and can be used to easily solve many issues. Working with it will require knowledge of teams and skills that will lead to a positive result.

CMD - there are a huge number of commands. Practice will help you remember the main ones. Using commands, you can change, edit files, create, restore partitions, configure, run, restart the computer, delete folders, copy and much more. Experts advise making a list of important commands in alphabetical order in a notepad. It's convenient and helps you quickly find your way around.

How to start?

Windows command line commands run without much difficulty. Despite the graphical interface, the console has always been and is main element computer control. The basics of working with the console will be useful to the average user. To launch the command line, open the menu: “Start” - “Run”. Enter the word “Cmd” in the window that appears, press “Enter”. If the version of the operating system does not have the “Run” item, then the combination “Win + R”.

In Windows 7, right-click on “Start”, go to “Properties” - “Customize”, check the box next to “Run”. If you need to open the console as an administrator, enter the command “Cmd” in the “Start” search bar, right-click on the “Cmd” program, select “Run as administrator.” It is convenient to create a shortcut on the desktop that will open the console. Appearance Row windows can be changed according to the user's wishes (color, font, location).

Sometimes you may have problems copying and pasting text into the command line. In the case of the console, the clipboard buttons do not work. If you need to make a copy, right-click on the window, select "Mark", select the text with the left mouse button, and then right-click. To insert text or text, right-click the Paste command line window. In addition, you can work with the console using hot keys on the keyboard and the up/down arrows.

Basic

The main commands for the command line help the user to solve tasks of paramount importance in a short time.

Additional

The list of commands, which is auxiliary, is often used by system specialists to work with information located on the hard drive.

The “Format” command deletes data from the hard drive and prepares it for copying. As an example of a formatting command: “FORMAT disk:/FS:FAT (file system).”
The "FC" command compares files with each other.
“IPCONFIG” - shows complete information about the Network settings, and also reports the type of network connection “IPCONFIG/ALL”.
The PING command will check the site's availability. Example: “PING fb.ru”. The presence of numbers in the response indicates that everything is in order and the site is available for visiting.

Commands for the Network

Web command line commands let you surf the Internet efficiently, fix errors, and configure settings. If you need to find out your IP address, enter the “Ipconfig” command in the console. In different variations of Internet connection, you can find out complete information about the Network. After entering, the user will receive a list of network connections that are used by the computer. If the user's computer is connected to the Internet via wireless communication Wi-Fi, the main gateway will be selected to communicate with the router. The user can access its settings through a command entered into the console. If the computer is connected to local network, you can find out about the IP address through the command line with the appropriate request.

Using the “Ping” and “Tracert” commands, the user can quickly find and fix problems with the Internet and browser. The "Netstat-an" command displays network connections and ports. This is very useful program, because it displays various network statistics. The "-an" switch opens a list of available network connections, ports and IP addresses. The “Telnet” command connects to servers of the same name. If you need to get information about network settings, use the "Ipconfig" command. Without additional parameters, the command displays information about the IP address. If you need specific information, add the “All” command. Entering “Ipconfig/flushdns” into the line clears the cache in Windows.

Filters

Filters are command line commands that are used with the pipe redirection symbol. They are needed to sort, view and select information from other teams. Filters organize, divide, and highlight part of the information that passes through them. Among these commands are the following:

“More” - displays the contents of the file;
“Find” - searches for specified characters;
“Sort” - sorts files alphabetically.

In order to send data from a file, the “L” symbol is used, and the “I” channel is used to send data to the output.

Shutdown

In addition to the built-in CMD, the console is used to launch ordinary programs. In order to enter it, just type the desired combination of letters in the “Run” window. If you need to view the results, it is better to use a string. "SHUTDOWN" is a command that ends Windows operation, if for some reason the Start button does not work. It is useful when the computer is performing a task that cannot be interrupted (and the user needs to leave and not leave the computer on for a long time). The device will turn off correctly upon completion of work on its own. It's better than setting a timer.

Type the following command “Shutdown-s-t-1300”, press “Enter”. The numbers are the time in seconds after which the device will turn off. The command to restart the computer from the command line is as follows: "Shutdown -r". Click "Confirm" to activate. “At” command - starts the PC at the time specified by the user. This utility reads and groups jobs in the OR Windows system.

Formatting

The list of commands for the console is huge. Many of them are harmless and simple, but there are special ones among them that require caution on the part of the user. Be careful! Sometimes it is necessary to completely format a disk or flash drive. The command to delete all data looks like this: “Format C”, auxiliary parameters “/fs” - determine the location of the file system of the formatting disk, “/v” - sets the volume label, “/a” - the cluster size. Do not execute the formatting command if you are not sure of your actions and do not know why it is needed. The command deletes all information from the PC!

Examination

Some command line commands are designed to check disks for system errors. The "CHKDSK" command without additional parameters displays information about state of rigid disk. If errors are found, enter an additional “/f” to correct them. Before checking the drive, lock it. If the console is full of commands, enter “c/s” into the line to clear the screen.

The system files will be checked by the “Sfc” command. With its help you can recover damaged files. The command is supplemented with the parameters “/scannow”, “/scanonce”, “/scanboot”, which check and correct system errors in files.

Other

It is impossible to know all the commands on the line, but some of them will be useful to the user. For example, the "Assoc" command changes the association between extension and file type. If the user wants to find out detailed information about the operating system and the state of the computer, he should type “Systeminfo”. Using the system registry editor "Regent" you can change hidden settings OS. However, if you don’t know what’s what, it’s not recommended to do this due to the risk of breaking Windows. It is easy to call the system configuration - a special service by entering "Msconfic" into the command line. If you want to learn more about the commands, write “Help” in the console line, taking into account that the operating system is the seventh or eighth version of Windows.

TO useful commands For the user, experts include network, system and filters. The "At" command consists of a whole set of commands that are used to install, reinstall, and configure the modem. It is also considered a team planner. With its help, you can change, cancel, configure tasks for remote or local computer. In the operating system Windows is better use the "SCHTASKS" utility instead of the "At" command. Its capabilities are much wider.