Russian operating systems. Russian operating system Rosa Desktop Russian-made software
I think that any of the readers of this article no longer considers the words “Operating system” and “Windows” to be synonymous, because knows at least one or more other systems. For many it will be Android, for a significant circle it is known Windows Phone and iOS, slightly fewer people have heard of OS X, FreeBSD and Ubuntu. All these operating systems are developed by Western (mainly American) organizations. At first glance, there is nowhere for a Russian person to cast his gaze... but no. We also have our own masters.
We are already accustomed to the fact that information technologies for Russia are not a subject of creativity, but a subject of passive study. Yes, we know world-class antivirus from Kaspersky or this moment The best text recognizer FineReader is also from a Russian company. Someone will remember Dr.Web. But in the general context, this is, if not a drop, then a small puddle in the sea that makes up our computer horizons. This illusion is wrong, because Not all active participants in the IT community are evaluated, but only those who actively promote themselves through advertising or sales managers. And who is left out of our horizons? Yes, tens of thousands of domestic developers of different levels of professionalism and different areas of problems to be solved.
It's no secret that the most important component of any computer (except for the hardware inside the case) is the operating system. But do we have anything domestic to look for here? It turns out there is. Here is a short list of real projects that have been launched and have been working for several years:
I decided to consider the first one (ROSU), because... I guess it's most convenient for exes Windows users of all the ones I've tried. More precisely: the editorial office “for the people” - Fresh (i.e. “Fresh” ROSA).
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the main problem for the user of a new operating system - mastering the new logic of working with a computer (after all, ROSA is not a clone of Windows, but a completely different OS). For example, a person who decides to switch to OS X from Apple will have to resolutely reject Windows habits, down to the “hot keys”. Here the Russian operating system has a minimum of problems: the bottom panel resembles the usual “Vendo” panel in its operating logic, and the menu structure (let’s call it “START”) will delight you with its simplicity and functionality.
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But this is only external “cosmetics”. Inside there are all the tools even a fairly advanced user needs: built-in players for a huge number of formats, a full-fledged office suite(analogous to MS Office), graphics, audio and video editors, mail client, two(!) browsers for fans from different camps (Firefox and Chromium), a client capable of connecting to ICQ and QIP, utilities for burning bootable flash drives and disks. If necessary, we install Skype, TeamViewer and others useful programs through a convenient and concise program installer (most programs are installed and updated through this one tool without the need to update manually).
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And even with all the massiveness of the pre-installed set of programs, ROSA manages to load and shut down faster than the products of the Redmond corporation. And the problem of viruses will only bother those who purposefully install them into the system. They cannot appear “suddenly” on the computer.
With all this, the system has many unique features for the Windows user. Just think about the ability to distribute WiFi Internet from your laptop in two clicks or the ability to mock the system with experiments after turning on the “freeze mode”, and then after a reboot see the system in a “pre-frozen” state.
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In general, there are many advantages. You need to touch them to understand this. To do this, just boot into a full-fledged operating system directly from a CD or flash drive, without installing the system (unusual, right?). And if you like it, then install the system and during the installation browse the Internet or write an interesting article.
Another advantage of the Russian OS is the active and accessible Russian-speaking community
Its main goal is to find complex solutions for specific consumer needs. The catalog is implemented according to the “Web 2.0” principle and will allow software customers to quickly and efficiently find the necessary products and compose them into completely domestic integrated solutions, ready for implementation. Read more.
2019
Natalya Kasperskaya asks the government for 39 billion rubles for state support for software developers
Entry into force of updated rules for checking Russian software
On February 4, 2019, it became known that Order No. 722 of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications on approval of the procedure and methodology for confirming the compliance of computer programs and databases, information about which is included in the register of Russian software, with additional requirements approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 23, 2017, became known. No. 325. Read more.
2016
Allocation of 5 billion rubles to finance software development
On January 1, 2016, the work of the Register of Domestic Software was approved, which should be used by government agencies and state corporations of Russia when choosing software that can replace foreign solutions.
2015
Rules for creating a register of domestic software have been approved
Government Decree No. 1236 of November 16, 2015 approved the rules for creating a register of domestic software.
The Ministry of Finance refuses the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications to create an organization to finance software
The Duma Commission admits that as of July 30, 2014, there is no single regulatory act where all these definitions could be included, but it is quite obvious that they will be required if we legislatively try to support domestic companies and create preferences for them in government procurement. Therefore, in the context of the state’s declared import substitution policy, all this work seems very relevant.
July 23, 2014: Definition of the Ministry of Industry and Trade
On July 23, 2014, a meeting was held at the presidential administration to discuss the criteria for determining domestic software developed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Several people who participated in the meeting or were close to Russian developers told Vedomosti about this. Vedomosti has obtained a draft proposal from the ministry with a definition of “software of Russian origin”, which almost completely coincides with the recommendations of several associations of Russian software companies - the Association of Software Developers, Russoft, the Russian Free Software Association and the Association of Manufacturers electronic equipment and instruments.
At the beginning of June 2014, the presidential administration recommended the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications to develop a definition of domestic software. The departments had until July 10 to fulfill this order: firstly, to prepare definitions of domestic software and its manufacturer, and secondly, to develop amendments to the legislation that would encourage government agencies and state corporations to primarily acquire software of Russian origin.
The Ministry of Industry and Trade proposes to consider as domestic a software product the rights to which belong to a Russian legal entity, at least 51% of the authorized capital of which belongs to Russian residents - individuals or companies, state-owned companies and state corporations, unitary enterprises or constituent entities of the Federation. We are talking about the final beneficiaries, and not about the formal owners, it follows from the proposals developed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade.
State support for domestic software developers will help the development of the industry and will help strengthen the positions of Russian companies in the domestic and international markets, according to a document studied by Vedomosti. True, its authors warn, imposing domestic software on state buyers is fraught with a decrease in competition: the domestic developer will obviously be confident in state support, and he will not have the motivation to develop the software product. Participants at yesterday’s meeting agreed that when discussing import substitution, it is necessary to separate the economic aspect (support for the Russian IT industry) from the technological aspect (IT security), says Kirill Varlamov, director of the Internet Initiatives Development Fund, who was present at the meeting.
Experts from the Ministry of Industry and Trade see the creation and maintenance of a register of domestic software as the main instrument for regulating the industry. The department proposes to assign Russian status to software products according to the same scheme that applies to telecommunications equipment (Russian status is assigned to equipment depending on what share of its cost falls on Russia).
Several people close to the meeting participants know that this is the essence of the ministry’s proposals. And on July 21, 2014, a meeting of the temporary commission under the Federation Council was held on the issue of import substitution of software, and the representatives of the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications who were present agreed with the definition of Russian software as a product, the rights to which belong to a person at least 51% controlled by Russian residents, says a member upper house Ruslan Gattarov.
This position coincides with the proposals of Russian software developer associations, but differs from the proposal expressed on July 3, 2014 by members of the commission under the State Duma Committee on Science and High Technologies. They suggested that a Russian IT company worthy of priority access to government orders be considered an enterprise in which the share of foreign capital does not exceed 25% minus 1 share, in which more than 75% of revenue is generated in Russia, which is a Russian tax and legal resident, and whose share Foreigners among its employees do not exceed 25%. This idea belonged to the National Association of Innovation and Development information technologies(NAIRIT) led by Olga Uskova, president of the Russian developer Cognitive Technologies and member of the commission under the Duma committee. Yesterday, a NAIRIT representative told Vedomosti that this association has already agreed on its position with other IT associations. And the executive secretary of the commission under the Duma committee, Andrei Chernogorov, admitted that its previous position was tough - it will be softened, he knows.
The option that linked the Russian origin of the software with Russia’s contribution to the revenue of its developer left no chance for either Kaspersky Lab or, for example, Parallels (Parallels Software) to become a “domestic manufacturer”: both of them generate most of their revenue outside Russia. The new criteria, which were supported by the Ministry of Industry and Trade, “have been agreed upon with market participants and are much more balanced and suitable for determining domestic software,” says Sergei Zemkov, managing director of Kaspersky Lab in Russia, the Caucasus and Central Asia. Membership criterion intellectual property makes sense for a Russian legal entity, but it is important that the development takes place in Russia, warns the vice president for virtualization personal computers Parallels Nikolay Dobrovolsky. Otherwise, a foreign company will be able to transfer the rights to a foreign product to a Russian legal entity that is not related to its development, but is affiliated with it, while it is also impossible to quickly transfer the development to the desired country, he argues.
An employee of the press service of the presidential administration limited himself to confirming the fact of yesterday's meeting. A representative of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications only said that the department, executing the instructions of the president, is carrying out “comprehensive work on the development of Russian software”: in particular, on July 18, a meeting was held with representatives of the largest Russian IT companies, where “the feasibility and practical benefits of introducing and defining criteria for domestic software" and specific support measures.
July 15, 2014: Definition of “Domestic Software” from industry associations
On July 15, 2014, specialized IT associations ARPP "Domestic Software", Russoft, RASPO, APEAP agreed on a unified definition of domestic software. The main factor is that exclusive rights to software products belong to Russia. The copyright holder may be Russian entity, control in which is carried out by Russian citizens or the state. The criteria are published on the website of the Association of Software Product Developers “Domestic Software”.
Approval of the definition of domestic software is the first step in supporting Russian software products. It is also proposed to create a register of domestic software and set priority for the register's software products in government procurement. At the same time, in the absence of the necessary Russian solution, government customers should still be able to purchase foreign analogues.
“We have been working on formulating the criteria for quite a long time. Russian software developers, lawyers, and independent experts took part in this work. The rights to a software product determine its control by Russia, and also form a profit center in our country. Thus, this criterion is important both for ensuring technological independence and for the economic development of the country,” says Evgenia Vasilenko, executive director of the Domestic Software Association.
According to her, it is now very important to create favorable conditions in the country for the development of Russian software. First of all, this is due to stimulating demand for national products, which is a common global practice.
“The adoption of the definition of domestic software was a response to sanctions against Russia, which unexpectedly sharply increased the risks of using foreign software. Related measures to support domestic manufacturers are limited to the purposes of software procurement by government agencies and enterprises with state participation, and do not apply to the open market. We continue to believe that the main measures of government support Russian manufacturers there must be investments in education and R&D, reduction of administrative barriers, as well as support for exports,” commented Valentin Makarov, President of NP RUSSOFT.
In a commentary to TAdviser, Alexander Pozdnyakov, CEO of First Line Software, also notes the importance of creating comfortable conditions for software developers to be able to grow domestic software.
"The state is already moving towards creating a more convenient environment for software companies. There is a reduced rate of social taxes. This is very correct. As for import substitution and issues of popularizing Russian solutions, if good things are created in the country software“They will buy it without special popularization efforts on the part of the state,” he believes.
“The initiative of the State Duma regarding legislative support for import substitution is extremely timely. We tried to give the most complete definition of the criteria for Russian software. Note that this definition allows Russian developers to use free software and software with open source, and the final decision will be, according to the criteria, Russian,” says Alexander Zhmurko, President of NP RASPO.
The criteria for determining domestic software and a domestic software manufacturer are described in a letter from NP RUSSOFT sent to the State Duma of the Russian Federation. The letter also states that RUSSOFT supports state measures to ensure information security and technological independence. In addition to the import substitution policy, it is proposed to invest in research and development in the field of software engineering, develop specialized education and a system for retraining IT personnel, and create a program to support high-tech exports.
The creation of a Commission for the regulatory and legal support of these tasks, including the legislative consolidation of the concept of “domestic software”, is indicated as necessary measures. And so on. It is proposed to limit the circle software solutions, for which the use of import substitution is mandatory, types of solutions that are critical for information security, technological independence and global competitiveness of the country, such as: operating systems (OS), database management systems (DBMS) and data warehouse management, CAD, EDMS, information systems security, cryptography and »
Vital software for your computer; without it, your PC is just a piece of hardware. This section presents free analogues of Microsoft Windows.Below you will find free programs, distributed under licenses
Linux UBUNTU
official site OS 5One of many free operating systems based on the Linux kernel. The operating system has a clear interface and is quite easy to work with. The operating system is largely reliable and you do not have to worry about viruses. By default, the operating system includes a set of necessary applications for working with documents and the Internet. The OS is constantly updated.
Linux openSuse
Linux, FreeBSD, Mac OS X official website February 04, 2016 GNU General Public License - license for personal and commercial use OS 2
Free modern Linux, correctly Russified, contains all the programs that are written for Linux/Unix and which are not found in other versions of Linux. Also based on openSuse, the most modern server version of SLES Linux is released.
ReactOS
Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, Mac OS X official website April 17, 2016 GNU General Public License - license for personal and commercial use OS 9
ReactOS is truly a free version of Windows. This operating system is being developed to be able to run Windows applications on it. In other words, if you install ReactOS, you will be able to use the applications you know. It is worth noting that ReactOS is far from complete and not all functionality is supported. The interface of this free OS resembles Windows 98.
OS ROSA is an excellent Russian-made option. Since my work is computer related, I am constantly in search of the ideal operating system. What does this concept include? Security, speed, and operation without any system freezes. Last thing windows time does not please users, so I turned my attention to the Russian OS ROSA.
It was created from Mandriva in 2011. However, a really working version of the system came out a year later. Rosa Desktop Fresh 2012 is now new page domestic analogues of Windows.
Colossal work was done by specialists from different countries on it, about 1 million lines of code were changed and added, almost 16 thousand packages were updated in their repositories. This line of systems also includes a server version - Rosa Server and a more popular desktop version - Rosa Desktop, which in turn comes in three editions. Such as Free (free components), EE (extended) and LTS (characterized by 5 years of support). Unlike, and the ROSA operating system has a number of advantages.
Russian operating system for PC Rosa advantages
In my opinion, Desktop is best suited for personal use, since it contains all the best developments. Due to this, it, like other versions, has a number of advantages:
It combines elegant design and excellent functionality due to the selection of programs collected in it;
Having installed such a system, you do not need to look for drivers; they come with the OS. Thus, it is a complete package. Installed and rejoice;
If you doubt the need to change the system, you can use the so-called “guest mode”. To do this you need to create bootable USB flash drive and test this OS without demolishing the previous one;
Due to the fact that ROSA is certified by FSTEC, it is perfect for organizations for which safety comes first;
In this system, the interface is very well thought out and everything necessary tools easy to find, although they are a little different from what we are used to. So, for example, after pressing the “Start” button, you find yourself in some semblance of a menu for androids and (or) smartphones;
ROSA allows you to experiment with installed programs in “freeze mode”, and after a reboot, return the system to its original state.
Download OS ROSA-http://www.rosalinux.ru/rosa-linux-download-links/
A very wise decision by the developers was that they made ROSA OS free. This step leads to its rapid spread without any imposition on users.
The ROSA operating system, due to its security and ease of use, became an ideal option for me. And its ability to distribute WiFi in two clicks was a rather pleasant surprise for me.
1.ROSA Linux
The ROSA Linux distribution is being developed by the Russian company STC IT ROSA or Scientific and Technical Center for Information Technologies "Russian Operating Systems", development began in 2007 and until today quite a lot of improvements have been developed.
The distribution was initially based on Mandriva, the desktop version and the server version were based on Red Hat. But after Mandriva was closed, the OpenMandriva project was based specifically on Rosa Linux.
It's easy to use and install, providing most of the software the average user needs out of the box.
All necessary media codecs are also supplied with the distribution. The system interface and window design are somewhat similar to the Windows style, and this will help new users get used to the system better.
KDE is used as the desktop shell. In addition, the Rosa developers make many improvements and fixes to most of the packages they ship.
2. Calculate Linux
Calculate Linux is developed by Alexander Tratsevsky from Russia. This distribution is based on Gentoo and includes all its benefits, as well as a large number of additional features and graphical installer.
Development of the project began back in 2007. Calculate is especially good for business environments. It is optimized for rapid deployment you can set up a configuration on one computer and use it on all others.
User under his account can use the system regardless of the computer. Latest version Calculate - 15.12. This version added the ability to create LiveUSB, added support for the AMDGPU driver with open source code, as well as many other improvements.
3. ZorinOS
The ZorinOS operating system was developed by a native of Russia, Artem Zorin, who is currently located in Ireland.
This is another enterprise-class distribution that is very similar to Windows. ZorinOS is based on Ubuntu and uses the Gnome 3 desktop environment and its own Zorin DE shell for the user interface.
The latest stable release, ZorinOS 9, is based on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, and the most recent, ZorinOS 11, is based on Ubuntu 15.10. A feature of ZorinOS is own themes design similar to both Windows XP and 7, as well as a theme management utility that allows you to customize appearance desktop.
At the moment, ZorinOS comes in two main versions - stable 9, and the newest 11. Both versions have Core, Lite, Business and Ultimate editions. The first two editions are free, and the last two are available for 8.99 and 9.99 respectively.
4. Runtu
This distribution was probably the first Linux distribution for many Russians. It is based on Ubuntu and offers improved Russian localization. The development of the project began back in 2007.
Then Alexey Chernomorenko and Alexander Bekher for a report on scientific conference A special Ubuntu build was prepared about open source software: Ubuntu Full Power Linux.
Subsequently, this assembly gained popularity among users and in the field of education and was renamed Runtu.
The main goal of this distribution is to provide beginners with a perfectly localized and simple system with all the necessary software out of the box. In addition, there is also its own software, such as the Runtu Assistant utility, which will help new users better configure the system.
The last release of Runtu took place in March 2015. The software has been updated, 64-bit support has been added and some fixes have been made.
5. Astra Linux
The Astra Linux distribution is being developed by NPO RusBITech for military purposes, law enforcement agencies and the FSB.
The distribution focuses on data protection and is used in various government agencies.
The distribution kit is supplied in two editions: Special Edition and Common Edition.
The general edition is intended for enterprises, the special edition for special services. A lot of proprietary software comes with the system.
All applications developed by the distribution's authors have the fly prefix. This is fly-fm - file manager, Fly panel, fly-admin-wicd - manager network connections, fly-update-notifier - update widget, Fly terminal, fly-videocamera, fly-record - sound recording, fly-cddvdburner, fly-ocr - text recognition, etc. By the way, it is important to note that the fly file manager is very similar to Windows Explorer.
The latest release, at the time of writing, took place on March 17, 2016, and this is Astra Linux version 1.11.
6.ALT Linux
ALT Linux is developed by the Russian company of the same name: Alt Linux.
And again, the operating system is designed for the business sector.
By default, all the necessary software for office work, graphics, audio processing, video processing and programming is supplied.
During installation, you can select the components of the distribution that need to be installed, and thus shape the functionality of the distribution.
The default desktop environment is KDE 4.
Minimum system requirements 768 megabytes random access memory, as well as a video card with support for 3D acceleration.
The newest version of Alt Linux at the moment is 7.0.5, which was released at the beginning of 2015.
7. Agilia Linux
Another distribution of Russian origin.
Formerly known as MOPS Linux.
Initially based on Slackware Linux. It combines beauty and speed.
Unlike MOPS, the installer has been completely redesigned and the number of applications supplied by default has been increased. The release frequency is once every three months.