Development of information space between neighbors. Creation of a teacher’s personal information space. Main functions of the information space

Creating a personal information space for students and teachers In the conditions of modern dynamic development of society and its rapidly developing technical and social infrastructure, information.ru is becoming the most important strategic resource. Project manager Sidikov Marcel 9A grade Computer literacy has become a component of the professional level of a teacher. Development of the creative and intellectual potential of students through the use of ICT is one of the main tasks of the teacher. Teacher's web resource on which...

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N.A. Poleshchuk

Creating a personal information space

student and teacher

In the conditions of modern dynamic development of society and its rapidly developing technical and social infrastructure, information becomes the most important strategic resource. The level of informatization, in addition, is becoming one of the significant factors in the successful economic development and competitiveness of the region in both domestic and foreign markets.

In the modern period of social development, characterized by fundamental changes in the socio-economic, political and other spheres, the goal of education is the formation of creatively thinking students with a high information culture, capable of quickly adapting to a rapidly changing world. The need to develop new approaches to learning is dictated by society's dissatisfaction with its quality. Changing living conditions of society inevitably leads to the improvement of educational concepts.

The education of a student is a social order of society, which is determined by the socio-psychological needs of society, the level of its development, and the ethical and moral values of this society. Unfortunately, the process of modernization in the education system is difficult.

Main purpose of use information technologies in the educational process as an innovative approach in education lies in the development of students’ abilities based on self-regulation and self-education; formation of a scientific foundation for successful forecasting of one’s own professional activity, creative personal development and the right choice individual program person.

Psychologists distinguish the following personal spaces of a person: bodily, objective, space, information space, emotional space, time. Personal information space is a mandatory attribute of a person in the 21st century, and the skills for its formation can be considered as important information competencies. The creation of an information space is aimed at
information interaction between subjects,
meeting their information needs.

The implementation of the project “Informatization of the education system” allows the teaching and student teams of gymnasium No. 93 to actively use the latest technical achievements and technologies in class and extracurricular activities. A qualitative change in the methods and methods of managing a gymnasium is associated with the transition to automated workplaces for the administration, school psychologist, librarian, teachers and with the creation of a fundamentally new system management based on active and flexible management of the educational process based on monitoring using computer technology. ICTs are actively used in administrative activities, office work, and in the school library.

The gymnasium website is a living organism that grows and changes. In the process of implementing the project “Informatization of the Education System” in the Council of High School Students, the Ministry of Press was renamed the Ministry of Information. Students publish the gymnasium newspaper “Rhythm” (chief editor: Churyakova Nurzida, class 10A) and work with site materialswww.gimnazija93kazan.edusite.ru(Project manager Sidikov Marcel 9A class)

Computer literacy has become a component of a teacher’s professional level. Thus, informatization of the educational process of the gymnasium makes it possible to effectively provide educational and methodological assistance to students in independent work on educational material when the teacher uses such pedagogical technologies as: the project method, the research method, multi-level technology for organizing the educational process based on the new 12-point system assessment.

Development of the creative and intellectual potential of students through the use of ICT is one of the main tasks of the teacher. The network has ceased to be a medium for transmitting information and a transport channel for the delivery of knowledge. It has become a place where students are constantly, where they take actions with the help of social services that help them think and act together.

The use of computers in teaching makes it possible to manage the cognitive activity of schoolchildren; in this case, training is built within the framework of a student-oriented model. A teacher’s web resource that contains tests for interactive computer testing, creative works and materials for mathematics lessons. It is a kind of electronic portfolio of a teacher. Website additional opportunity introduction of information technologies into the practice of subject teachers.

A teacher’s educational website is one of the forms of creating an information space ( www.flash-ka.edusite.ru ). Having your own website, a teacher can solve many problems. Communication with students reaches a significantly different level.

It is important to note that this website builder provides a page for designing tests, by working with which the student receives information about the correct answers to the questions. It is provided that student responses can be sent to Mailbox to the teacher. This form work expands the teacher’s capabilities in preparation for the Unified State Exam.

The Internet is, above all, an important source of information. Due to the growing volume of information, it is necessary to create an information culture. It means knowledge of sources of information, techniques and ways of rationally working with them, and their application in practical activities.

The Creative Teachers Network portal was created for teachers interested in the possibilities of improving the quality of teaching through the use of information and communication technologies. On the portal you can register and take part in discussions of problems, exchange experiences with colleagues. Portal address: it-n.ru.

Students’ personal information space is formed on the basis personal computers. A close option is for the student to create his own personal static website based on one of the many free hosting. In this case, the student creates and stores his documents on a remote site. The simplification of the publication procedure and the availability of various services lead to the fact that there is a transition from the concept of “school website” to the concept of “student’s personal website.” This student's personal website serves as a personal informational learning space.

The very appearance of the concept of “personal learning space” reflects a change in attitude towards what the student does. From a paper portfolio with diplomas and diplomas, a transition is being made to a model in which the student is more responsible for his learning, collects and presents not only his final, but also intermediate results of his activities.

The last decade has put schools in a situation where it is necessary to introduce significant changes in the system of education and education of students. These changes should be ensured by school reform, which is dictated by the modernization of education and the computerization of schools. All this will allow us to form positive motivation for educational activities, implement a differentiated, individual approach to learning at the student level, individualize the learning process, create a reliable system for monitoring knowledge acquisition, carry out the learning process in the mode of cooperation between teacher and student, and improve the pedagogical qualifications of the teacher.

Literature:

Syromyatnikova L.M., “Master class of the deputy director for educational work in a general education institution,” / L.M. Syromyatnikova M, Globus, 2009

Patarakin E.D., Yarmakhov B.B.,Everyday network culture as a solution to classification problems//"Educational Technologies and Society", 2007

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Definition 1

There is no precise definition of information space. Most often under the term "information space" understand the logical opposition to the objective (objective, physical, material) world.

The main components of the information space are:

informational resources;
means of information interaction;
information infrastructure.

Informational resources

Definition 2

The totality of all information that has been accumulated by humanity in the course of the development of science, culture, education and practical activity is called information resources.

The user can not only use information resources created by other people, but also make the results of his work available to others. For example, you can create your own website or post your documents (photos, presentations, text files, audio and video recordings, etc.) on a blog.

When posting information for public access You should pay attention to such a property of information as reliability, take into account that the information should not humiliate the honor and dignity of other people and should not be threatening. It is also strictly prohibited (and even prosecuted) to promote violence, terrorism, national hatred, etc., as well as distribute materials that contain computer viruses.

Communication tools

Modern means of information interaction– telecommunications tools at the level of combining computer networks and facilities various types communications (telephone, television, satellite). Complexes that use these means can be combined into transmission and reception systems to provide information to entire regions of the country. Communicate via local or global computer networks can take place in real time (so-called synchronous telecommunications) and with a time delay (so-called asynchronous telecommunications).

Information infrastructure

Definition 3

Information infrastructure– a system of organizational structures, subsystems that ensure the functioning and development of the country’s information space and means of information interaction.

Information infrastructure includes:

information centers, subsystems;
data and knowledge banks;
communication systems;
control centers;
hardware and software;
technologies for collecting, storing, processing and transmitting information and their integration.

The main purpose of information infrastructure– ensuring consumer access to information resources.

Examples of information infrastructure are such well-known areas as:

Internet;
Remote education;
online media;
advertising, PR.

Information space may also include:

banks and databases, as well as technologies for their maintenance and use;
information telecommunication systems that operate on the basis general principles and ensure information interaction between organizations and citizens, as well as meeting their information needs.

Organization of individual information space

The individual information space is created by the user himself:

during the installation of the necessary software on PC;
creating text, graphic and other documents;
when transferring (copying) information stored on your PC to various devices external memory or on the Internet (photos, texts, music files, videos, etc.);
saving on your PC links to the necessary network resources, etc.

If the computer is standalone (not connected to a local or global network), then the user’s information space is limited only by those programs and data that are located on this PC. If the computer has access to any network, then the user’s information space becomes almost limitless.

Definition 4

Information resources that are available to the user when working on a PC are called individual information space of the user.

To organize his individual information space, the user can install software on a PC and create documents while working various types(text, graphics, video, etc.), save (transfer, copy) the necessary files with various data (texts, music, photographs, films, etc.) to your PC, save links to network resources on your PC, configure Document creation programs, web browsers, etc., to suit your requirements.

Picture 1.

Definition 5

In other words, user information space– these are information resources (files with programs, documents, websites, photographs, video clips, etc.) that are available to the user when working on a PC.

The user also creates an individual information space by customizing the user interface operating system and programs.

Setting up the software product is a change in its properties, which is performed with the aim of:

adapt the software product to computer hardware;
the most complete satisfaction of the needs of the user, and possibly of the running programs;
increase the operating efficiency of a software product or its optimization according to selected quality indicators (for example, speed).

Every user has habits when working on a computer. For example, many users create a corresponding shortcut on the desktop to quickly access a program, disk or folder. Program shortcuts are also often placed on the Quick Access Toolbar.

Towards the organization of an individual interface These settings include: data access speed, appearance windows, content of windows, computer speed.

The user can find most of the settings in the specialized “Control Panel” folder, with which you can manage system resources and change equipment settings (monitor, keyboard, mouse, sound, etc.).

The user also has access to window appearance settings.

Each user's idea of their own information space is as diverse as the users themselves. With experience working on a computer, each user will be able to determine for himself how to organize his data on the computer so that he feels comfortable working with it.

Keywords:

user interface
command interface
GUI
essential elements GUI
individual information space

2.5.1. User interface and its variations

As we develop and improve computer equipment Various user interface options were developed.

On computers that operated only with numbers and symbols, a command interface was implemented (Fig. 2.11):

Rice. 2.11.
Example command interface

the command was issued using a sequence of characters (command line);
the computer compared the received command with the set of commands available in its memory;
the action corresponding to the received command was performed.

Thus, to interact with a computer, a person had to be well aware of many commands for controlling devices and manipulating data. This made it difficult for the widespread introduction of computer technology.

The command line mode is still used by specialists today. Firstly, it ensures minimal memory consumption. Secondly, modern software contains a large number of commands, many of which are used extremely rarely. Typing such a command in command line much faster than, for example, navigating through menus. Thirdly, specialists can write a sequence of commands in a separate executable file(batch file), which increases the efficiency of working with the software.

The need to remember numerous commands disappeared with the advent of graphical interfaces. The first graphical interfaces provided the ability, using keys or a mouse, to:

move the cursor to one or another part of the screen;
highlight a file name or command in a different color on the screen;
operate with selected data independently of others.

Nowadays, human-computer interaction is based on an object-oriented graphical interface, in which:

all objects are presented in the form of icons (icons, pictograms), the selection of which using, for example, a mouse leads to the activation of the corresponding objects;
manipulation of objects is carried out in windows - predetermined, framed parts of the screen;
main element program control is a menu - a displayed list of commands that can be given to the computer;
The main element of hardware control is various manipulators (mouse, trackball, touchpad, etc.).

Each computer object has its own name and graphic designation. For example:

Objects have certain properties. For example:

You can perform various actions with objects. For example:

The main element of computer hardware control in the user interface is the mouse, which is displayed on the screen as a mouse pointer - a small graphic object that moves across the screen when you move the mouse. It is used to point to various objects, launch programs, select menu items, drag objects, highlight text, etc.

More often than not, the pointer looks like a small arrow, but its appearance changes depending on the operations the user performs. So, if the pointer is shaped like a small hourglass, this means that the computer is busy performing some kind of operation. And if the mouse pointer takes the form of a crossed out circle, this means that the requested operation is impossible in this case. The main control techniques using the mouse are:

click - quickly pressing and releasing the left mouse button;
double click - two clicks performed with a short time interval between them;
click right click;
dragging - accompanied by moving the screen object on which the pointer is placed;
dragging - the shape of the screen object changes;
hovering the mouse pointer over an object icon or control and holding it there for a while - usually a tooltip appears on the screen, briefly characterizing the properties of the object.

The intuitive clarity of the object-oriented graphical interface is explained by the fact that it implements analogies with the direct manipulation of specific objects and visualization of the results of actions performed, which are familiar to humans. Indeed, when performing any operation, the user first selects an object, and then selects an action on this object; The mouse allows direct manipulation of the selected object. So, to copy a file from one directory to another, you no longer need to type a certain sequence of characters on the command line. Simply click on the icon of the file to be copied in the window of the directory containing it and drag it into the window or onto the icon of another directory. The result of copying a file will be its image in the window of the new directory.

Nowadays, much attention is paid to developing user-friendly interfaces that provide users with the most convenient ways interaction with the software due to the logic and simplicity in the arrangement of control elements, the color scheme used, the shape of objects, etc. This takes into account psychological characteristics human perception of information.

2.5.2. Basic GUI Elements

The main elements of a graphical interface are windows and menus.

The following types of windows can be distinguished:

the main window of the operating system is the Desktop;
folder windows;
dialog boxes;
application windows;
document windows.

Windows of the same type have a similar structure, contain standard sets of design and control elements, and allow you to use a standard set of techniques when working with them.

A menu is a displayed list of commands that you can give to your computer. The command is selected by clicking the mouse button.

Context menu- this is a list of commands related to the current object; it appears when you right-click the selected object. The context menu allows you to access all commands available for a given object.

1 For “left-handers”, the mouse is initially configured differently: where a “right-hander” clicks with the right button, a “left-hander” clicks with the left and vice versa.

Desktop

The desktop is the main window of the operating system's graphical interface, occupying the entire screen space. The desktop can contain a background image, icons and shortcuts, and a taskbar.

Icons indicate applications, documents, folders. Each application has an original icon. It is somehow present in the icon of the document created using this application (Fig. 2.12).

Rice. 2.12.
Application icons Microsoft Office and relevant documents:
A) word processor and a text file; b) presentation editor and presentation file; V) spreadsheets and spreadsheet file

To quickly access disks, a printer, frequently used programs or documents, it is advisable to create shortcuts on the Desktop. A shortcut is a link to an object that can be located in any folder. The shortcut differs in appearance from the object icon by the presence of an arrow in the lower left corner. In the properties of the shortcut you can see the location of the object it points to (Fig. 2.13).

Rice. 2.13.
Shortcut and placement of the corresponding program

Deleting a shortcut does not delete the corresponding object. Double click on the shortcut opens the window of the corresponding program or document.

The taskbar is located at the bottom of the screen. It contains: the “Start” button, buttons for running programs (tasks) and open windows documents, language indicator and clock. The “Start” button allows you to call the Main Menu, which provides access to almost all system resources and contains commands for launching applications, system settings, searching for files, accessing the help system, etc. On the taskbar there is a language indicator, which indicates the input language of characters. The digital clock on the taskbar shows the current time. To see the current date, month and year, just move your mouse pointer over the clock.

As you work, folder windows, dialog boxes, application windows, and document windows can be laid out on the Desktop.

Dialog boxes

Dialog boxes are designed for two-way interaction (dialogue) between the computer and the user. They allow you to transmit more detailed information about a command to the computer using controls: input fields, lists and drop-down lists, switches, check boxes, buttons, counters and sliders (Fig. 2.14).

Rice. 2.14.
Dialog window

The user enters the required information into the input field using the keyboard.

A list is a list of values from which you can select the one you need. The long list has a scroll bar.

The drop-down list is opened by clicking on the drop-down button (it has a triangle-arrow on it).

Switches are used to select one of several possible options. They are located in front possible options and have the shape of white circles. A black dot appears in the circle corresponding to the selected option.

The checkbox is used to select several possible options. The checkboxes are located in front of the possible options and are shaped like squares. The checked box is marked with a tick.

The counter is a pair of arrows that allow you to increase or decrease the value in the associated field.

The slider allows you to smoothly change the value of the corresponding parameter.

A command button performs the action written or depicted on it. To use a command button, you must click on it.

Dialog boxes can contain several tabs, which can be switched between by clicking on their names.

Folder and application windows

A folder window is an area of the screen that graphically displays the contents of a folder.

Folder windows can contain a title bar, menu bar, toolbar, address bar, work area, scroll bars, window borders, and status bar.

The title bar contains: system icon; window title; Window state control buttons that allow you to expand, collapse, or close the window.

The menu bar is a complete list of thematically grouped commands that can be executed in this window.

The toolbar contains command buttons for performing the most common operations. It is more convenient to use than the menu bar, but is limited in the number of commands. In the windows of modern applications, the toolbar is often customizable - the user, at his discretion, can place on it the command buttons that he needs most often.

The address bar indicates the access path to the current folder, which is convenient for orientation in the file structure. Address bar allows you to quickly navigate to other sections of the file structure using the drop-down button on the right edge of the line.

The work area of a folder window displays icons for objects stored in the folder, and you can control how they are displayed. If the number of objects is too large (or the window size is too small), scroll bars may appear along the right and bottom edges of the work area, allowing you to “scroll” the contents of a folder in the work area vertically and horizontally.

Window borders - a frame that borders the window on four sides; Using the drag-and-drop operation, you can resize the window.

The status bar displays additional help information.

An application window is an area of the screen that displays a running application; opening or closing an application window is the same as launching or ending a program.

When doing homework, the student places a diary, textbook, and notebook on his desk and keeps them open. If the task is complex, he may also need a reference book, dictionary or encyclopedia.

A similar feature, called multi-windowing, is implemented in the modern user interface: you can also lay out windows of various folders and applications on the computer desktop. In this case, you can: move from one window to another without losing data obtained during program execution; transfer information from one document to another.

2.5.3. Organization of individual information space

The totality of all information accumulated by humanity in the process of development of science, culture, education and practical activities of people is called information resources. Working on a computer, the user deals with information resources in the form of files with programs, documents, Web sites, photographs, video clips, etc.

Individual information space is formed by the user:

when installing the software he needs on a personal computer;
when creating text, graphic and other documents;
when transferring (copying) photographs, texts, music, videos and other information stored on various external memory devices or on the Internet to your computer;
when saving on your computer links to network resources that interest you, etc.

If the computer is autonomous, then the user’s information space is limited to programs and data located on this computer. If the computer is connected to local network or the Internet, the user’s information space becomes almost limitless.

For example, each student creates an individual information space, saving the results of their work in a separate folder on their work computer or on a local network server. The name of this folder is unique and usually contains an indication of the class and last name of the student. A student's personal folder may contain individual files and subfolders that help organize accumulated information.

If the number and names of subfolders are not specified in advance, then it is recommended to independently think over a certain hierarchical structure that could provide quick access to necessary information. As for the names of files and folders, they must be meaningful, reflecting in one way or another the information contained in them. An individual information space is also formed by customizing the user interface of the OS and applications.

The user has the opportunity not only to work with information resources created by other people, but also to make the results of his work available to others. For example, you can create your own Web page or post your works (drawings, photographs, presentations, texts, audio and video recordings, etc.) on the school website. You should take a very responsible approach to information that you intend to make available to many users. First of all, the information must be reliable; it should not denigrate the honor and dignity of other people or be threatening in nature. Propaganda of violence, terrorism, national hatred and similar information, as well as the distribution of materials containing computer viruses, is strictly prohibited and prosecuted by law.

The most important

The user interface is a set of tools and rules for interaction between a person and a computer.

Human-computer interaction today is based on an object-oriented graphical interface, in which:

all objects are represented as icons;
objects are operated in windows;
the main element of software control is the menu;
The main element of hardware control is various manipulators.

Multi-window - important characteristic modern user interface.

The user's information space is information resources (files with programs, documents, Web sites, photographs, video clips, etc.) available to the user when working on a computer.

Questions and tasks

What is a user interface?
Why hasn't the command user interface contributed to the widespread adoption of computer technology? Why do professionals still use the command line interface?
What are the main features implemented in modern graphical interfaces?
Why can modern user interfaces be considered object-oriented?
What kind of user interface do you think is friendly?
Name the main elements of a graphical interface.
Describe the main window of the operating system - the Desktop.
What controls can dialog boxes contain?
List the main elements of folder windows. Which of them are present in the windows of applications you know?
What are the analogies with everyday life implemented in a modern user interface?
Present the basic concepts of clause 2.5.2 “Basic elements of the graphical interface” in the form of a graph.
What rules should be followed when creating an individual information space?

The term “information space” refers to the totality of the results of human semantic activity. Philosophy, according to the idealistic sense, interprets the above concept as “the world of names and titles, associated with the ontological one.”

databases and data banks;
technologies for their application;
information communication systems that operate on the basis of general principles and ensure information interaction between citizens and organizations, and also satisfy, to a certain extent, their information needs.

Experts say that there is no precise definition of the concept of “information space”. Most often it is understood as a logical opposition to the material, that is, the objective world.

Features of the information space

It should be noted that the information space has the following characteristics:

it has no boundaries or familiar territory;
allows the existence of any type of information;
is the sphere of activity of government entities, professional groups or individuals (that is, the information space is universal);
does not have a completed state, that is, it develops dynamically;
has a certain structure, that is, it is not homogeneous, since there are barriers in it that push the consumer’s attention away from a specific point and attractors that attract him;
has good protection;
differs in nationally specific methods of constructing, processing and disseminating data.

In addition, the space of information is characterized by some unique societies that have no direct analogues in other spaces. This:

social virtual society;
network society;
online community;
virtual coalition.

Structure of the information space

The information space consists of:

information fields;
information flows.

The first is the totality of all information that is concentrated in given volume space-time. An information field is created using genetic, objective and idealized information.

Information flow is a set of data that moves in the above space through special communication channels.

The technological components of the information space include:

information (computers distributed geographically in the country (world), which are interconnected in a network by means of communication and communication);
that are located on computer media (information arrays in the form of automated databases, resources that are distributed on websites, on the Internet);
tools and methods of applied mathematics (software systems and algorithms);
legal and organizational measures (international regulatory legal documents, international treaty agreements, conferences);
information technologies.

The information space of social systems includes:

units of information space that generate data (media, newsmakers, experts, producers of social information);
communication channels (electronic, printed or other media, commodity and monetary channels, interpersonal communication);
areas (information hubs, super innovators and data innovators).

Main functions of the information space

Experts note the following functions performed by the information space:

Integrating. The space of information unites various types of human activities and the subjects involved in them into a single socio-cultural and spatial-communicative environment.
Communicative. The information space forms a special environment of interactive, cross-border, mobile communication various subjects of activity, within whose framework they carry out information exchange.
Geopolitical. The space of information creates, significantly changes the significance of traditional resources, which contributes to the creation of a new environment of competition and geopolitical relations.
Updating. In the information space, the interests of various subjects of activity are updated through their implementation of information policy.

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