First telephone exchange Telephone exchanges (PBX, mini-PBX). Operator level telephone exchange

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the telephone came to Moscow. The telephone installation was carried out by the Bell company, the contract with which expired in 1901. Bidding was announced, which was won by the Swedish-Danish-Russian Joint-Stock Telephone Company. In 1904, it built a new first phase of a telephone exchange in Milyutinsky Lane, which met all the latest requirements.

For the construction of the first telephone exchange, a historical place was chosen: Milyutinsky Lane. In the 17th-18th centuries it was called Kazennaya Street or Old Kazenny Lane after the state yard of the Semenovsky regiment. When the regimental court moved to St. Petersburg, these lands were bought by the court stoker Alexey Yakovlevich Milyutin (his house is preserved at numbers 14 and 16).

Until the 20th century, the Eupla Church stood at the beginning of Milyutinsky Lane. After the revolution, it was demolished under the pretext that the temple was interfering with street traffic. They wanted to build a Trust house on the site of the church, but the project did not materialize.

In such an environment, in 1904, at the beginning of Milyutinsky Lane, a station of the Swedish-Danish-Russian Telephone Society appeared.

This red brick house was built according to the design of I.G. Klasson under the supervision of A.E. Erichson. At that time it became the tallest building in Moscow.

The first stage of the Central Telephone Exchange with 12,000 numbers began operating on October 30, 1904.

Ten years later, this miracle of technology could no longer cope with the growing flow of subscribers. In 1914, the red line of the lane was built second stage of the station designed by architect O.V. von Dessina- a strict, monumental, tall building with a large arched entrance decorated with cast-iron gratings. The sides of the entrance are unique, the only sculptures are of a woman and a man talking on the phone.

Milyutinsky lane. Bookmarking a telephone exchange. 1902

P During the laying of the most powerful telephone exchange in Europe, “among other guests there was the Japanese prince Akihito Komatsu, who, while passing through Moscow, then watched the Cossack horse show on the Khodynka field, then went shopping and left for Vladivostok in the evening.”

In the background you can see the parish house of the French church on Malaya Lubyanka. The house housed a Refuge (dormitory) for young men, a French library, kindergarten and nurseries of the Moscow French colony.

Reviews:

This week, in Milyutinsky Lane, on the land of the former Kherodinova, construction of a central telephone exchange began Swedish-Danish company. This will be the first building in Moscow, eight floors, with a total height of 20 fathoms. The construction is carried out by Moscow architect A.E. Erikson; By coincidence, the telephones will also be from the Swedish company Ericsson.

Moscow is expanding with another colossal building, 39 fathoms in height. This building is being constructed in Milyutinsky Lane and is intended for the central telephone exchange of the Swedish-Danish-Russian Telephone Society.

The equipment room is designed for 22,700 subscribers, but for the first time it is adapted only for 10,000 subscribers.

The foundation ceremony was preceded by a prayer service performed at the construction site by the local clergy.

Construction of a telephone exchange. 1908-1909

The design and installation was carried out by the Swedish company Ericsson, and the station, which cost 34 million rubles to create, became one of the best in the world. But the quality of telephone communication still left much to be desired, so the facade of the building was decorated with a sculpture of an angry subscriber and a “telephone young lady” remaining calm.

TELEPHONE EXCHANGE IN MOSCOW
The opening of the new telephone exchange of the Swedish-Danish-Russian Telephone Company, scheduled for August 6th, was temporarily postponed due to the non-arrival of the machines needed to equip the station from abroad.

The telephone exchange of the Swedish-Danish-Russian Society was built in Milyutinsky Lane near Myasnitskaya, according to the design of the Swedish architect prof. I. G. Klasson, Moscow architect A. E. Erichson and represents a grandiose building of six floors, not counting the basement.

The station building, ending with a tower, has a height of 24 fathoms, the length of the building is over 14 fathoms.

The upper, sixth floor houses a control room designed for a switchboard for 22,500 subscribers. The fifth floor is reserved for the battery and machine rooms; the next one is for storage of employee dresses; the third floor will house various services, a dining room, rooms for recreation, entertainment, a library, etc.; The first and second floors will be occupied by offices, and the basement will house a warehouse, workshop and boiler room.

The lighting in the station building is electric, and the heating is steam-water.

With the opening of the new station, all telephone sets of subscribers will be replaced with new ones of a special design. In new devices, only one removal of the auditory tube from its place serves as a call to the central station, where a red light is immediately shown on the device. When such light appears on the device, the telephone exchange asks the subscriber, without ringing, what number he is calling, and makes a connection corresponding to the call.

"Electric Energy", 1903

Telephone exchange in Milyutinsky Lane. 1904-1907
In 1908-1909, this façade will be hidden behind a new building, which will be placed along the lane.

Milyutinsky lane. Telephone exchange. 1903-1907

Moscow central telephone station of the Danish-Swedish-Russian Telephone Society. In front of the building you can see the space that in 1907-08 will be built up with the second stage building

Telephone exchange building. 1909-1912. View from the Church of St. Louis

Telephone exchange building. Milyutinsky Lane

Central telephone exchange. Operating room.1910-1920

Before entering the service, telephone operators were subjected to a thorough check by the station administration, married women were not accepted, and those who were married were subject to dismissal. Marriage was allowed only to senior telephone operators and only with the permission of their superiors. There was a strict regime at the station: the fitters could not appear in the hall without calling the boss, approach the telephone operators, have lunch in their canteen, meet them on the stairs - no interests or thoughts were supposed to distract the telephone operator from her work. The average salary of an ordinary telephone operator was about 32 rubles per month. The standard working time is 200 hours per 30 calendar days. (from source)

“Eleven young ladies were hired again, and their duty was distributed so that there were now 3 telephone operators for every 200 subscribers. Previously, there were 2 young ladies for the same number of subscribers.” (News of the Day, December 17, 1901)

Central telephone exchange building. 1914

Board on the facade of the MTS building in Milyutinsky Lane reminds of the battles that took place here in 1917. The station, as the most important strategic object, was occupied by cadets, depriving the city of communications. The lane turned into barricades, the station into a fortress. The Bolshevik commander G. A. Usievich, understanding the importance of preserving the object, refused to use artillery, resorting to a siege. On the bell tower of the neighboring church of St. Evpla set up machine guns, and bombers were installed in the depths of the alley on the still unfinished house No. 20. The fighting ended on November 1 (old style) with the defeat of the cadets.

A real battle broke out for the Moscow Central Telephone Station on Milyutinsky Lane, as a result of which the city lost telephone service for a time. Soon the connection was restored; in the early 1920s, Moscow telephones numbered in the tens of thousands. Gradually, the process of connecting subscribers switched to automatic mode.

Barricade at the Central Telephone Station in Milyutinsky Lane. 1917

A new threat loomed in 1941 over the station on Markhlevsky Street (Milyutinsky Lane bore this name from 1927 to 1993): Hitler understood the importance of telephony for Moscow. But despite the difficult situation, the “telephone ladies” continued to work.

The vulnerable spot remained the switchboard room of the Central Telephone Station, located on the top floor of building No. 5 on Markhlevsky Street. The switchboards in this hall included about 10 thousand telephones, serviced by telephone operators. The hall had daylight through a glass roof, under which shifts of telephone operators were located. Not to mention a direct hit from a bomb, any fragment of an anti-aircraft shell could pierce the roof, damage equipment... Working in the hall during an air raid was very nervous.

But the telephone exchange in Milyutinsky Lane works as it did 100 years ago.

Milyutinsky lane. Moscow Central Telephone Station. 1924

Photo from Milyutinsky Lane - the station of the Danish-Swedish-Russian Telephone Society, later - the Moscow Central Telephone Station. In order to supplement the information, a snapshot of the equipment room of this technical structure, advanced in all respects (at that time), is offered.

Just the facts
The first telephone exchanges appeared in the USA, and only men worked there. The “telephone boys” had to politely answer the call, find out who the subscriber wanted to talk to, and manually make the connection. But the connection was so bad that subscribers often started screaming.

Over time, it became clear that the female voice has a calming effect on angry users. And September 1, 1878 in Boston telephone company Dispatch was started by Emma Nutt, the world's first female telephone operator. And on July 1, 1882, telephone installation reached Moscow.

They say that...
...the job of a telephone operator was not easy. High demands were placed on those interested: good diction, resistance to stress, pleasant voice, knowledge foreign languages, attractive appearance, tall height and a certain arm length to easily reach the plugs of all connecting sockets. Also, the “telephone ladies” had to know by heart the names, titles and other details of all subscribers. This job paid well, so there was no end to those interested. In addition, sometimes telephone operators had fans who fell in love with their voice. And this promised a profitable marriage, since there were no low-income citizens among the subscribers.

Milyutinsky lane, house No. 5. 1988

Architecture
STATION OF THE DANISH-SWEDISH-RUSSIAN TELEPHONE SOCIETY
(now - CENTRAL TELEPHONE STATION)
Milyutinsky lane, 5
1902-1903 , architect Erichson Adolf (Adolf Wilhelm) Ernestovich
(1862, Moscow - ?).
1907-1908 , architect Dessin O.V., with the participation of Miritz F.F. and Gerasimova I.I.

The complex, conceived in 1901 and initially designed in a six-story version by the architect A.F. Meissner, began to be implemented in 1902-1903. on another project.

The first building to be built was the end building (in relation to the street) according to Erichson's design. Its “neo-Gothic” style is close to another industrial building of this architect - the printing house of I.D. Sytin. on Pyatnitskaya, the project of which was created at the same time (1903). Facing the street, a huge eight- to nine-story building with a basement, erected in the second stage of construction (1907-1908), is unique in function for Moscow at the beginning of the century, which was just beginning to acquire telephones. Like many technical or industrial buildings of the early 20th century, the station was built in the neo-Gothic style - its expressive blank firewall walls with niche turrets are visible from many nearby streets. This structure (76 meters) is the tallest in Moscow at that time, built on the basis of a reinforced concrete frame by the famous construction company Miritz F.F. and Gerasimov I.I., apparently, made changes to the architectural forms of the structure: the lower part of the building is different from that created by O.V. Dessin. project, and it is this that is most perceived by the viewer from the narrow alley. In the center of the symmetrical facade there is a beautiful semicircular arch, lined with red granite, at the heels of which there are grotesque sculptural images - a cheerful female and a frowning male head talking on a telephone. Metal decorations are expressive - window and gate grilles, brackets.

PBX refers to special devices that allow you to transmit signals between telephones located at a remote distance. The PBX operates not only with external networks, but also with IP, GSM, and internal networks. The main task is to provide normal communication between subscribers.

Key Features

Exist various functions PBXs that are not limited to the capabilities of city communications. Using the equipment, you can organize high-quality inter-district multi-channel communication. You can set up a conference call when several subscribers are participants in the conversation. Among the additional functions, we highlight the following points:

• automatic search for external call type;
• call forwarding or auto redial;
• providing a message that the city line is free;
• listening to premises at a distance;
• connection of additional equipment: fax, modem, answering machine;
• remote control using a PC.

Varieties

• Decadal-step ones are the first models that used electromechanical equipment for the distribution of communications media. A significant disadvantage of such options is constant interference due to contact oxidation and vibration.
• Coordinate devices with relay action. The operating principle is based on the use of coordinate connectors.
• Quasi-electronic devices where reed switches were used to carry out the switching process. During operation it is achieved high quality communication without interference and noise on the line. There is only one drawback here, but it is significant - an increased level of voltage is required, which interferes normal operation other technology.
• Electronic media have minimal capacity. The main area of ​​application is offices. Semiconductor devices control the processes.
• Digital telephone exchanges use the same type of signal. Interference and noise during use are kept to a minimum.
• IP options with wide functionality and high-quality communication capabilities.

Selecting a PBX

Which option should you prefer – analogue or digital? Analog devices much cheaper in price than the second options. Considered more reliable digital devices, which guarantee high quality. If analog lines are connected to a digital PBX, then the advantages apply exclusively to internal communications. If you need to establish a DECT microcellular connection or connect the CTI function with various software, you simply cannot do without a digital option.

Once you decide which type suits you best, you need to take a closer look at the telephones. There is a huge selection of models on the market from various manufacturers. The devices have buttons with indicators on which you can record frequently used phone numbers. The user can program specific functions to these buttons. Many system devices equipped with an LCD display and speakerphones.

Manufacturers hope that users will use analog models as fax machines, and mainly use stationary models. As a result, if you do not need extensive functionality and want to save money, then analog models will be the optimal solution.

The functioning of telephone communication is carried out by connecting telephones to a telephone exchange. Provider-level telephone exchanges are connected to the telephone network common use(PSTN) and have communication channels with other telephony providers.

Landline telephones are all telephone sets that are connected to a landline telephone exchange. Modern communications allow you to organize a connection via the SIP protocol using the Internet and an encrypted dedicated channel. When we dial a number, the information enters the PBX and it finds a subscriber who has a similar connection: provider, telephone exchange, telephone.

ATS Moscow

Moscow telephone exchange provider level, must have a mandatory channel, usually an E1 - SS7 stream or several such streams connecting a telephony operator with another operator or with several telephone operators. MGTS ensures the functioning of the public telephone network, as well as communication between telephony providers, providing a signaling standard. In addition, many telephony operators communicate with each other bypassing the MGTS network. The telephone exchange at which subscribers are registered is called a client telephone exchange; it provides communication between the telephony provider and physical and legal entities using communication services. ATS Moscow This is an automatic telephone exchange located in Moscow and distributing telephone numbers to its subscribers in the code 495 and 499.

Operator level telephone exchange

A telephone exchange located at the telephony operator and providing interaction with other telephony operators is an operator-level PBX. Typically, operator-level telephone exchanges in Moscow interact with each other on the basis of E1 OX 7; this protocol is not used to connect subscribers, Moscow telephone exchanges operator level are located in the server telephony operators and ensure interaction between operators, routing calls from subscribers located in different networks of different operators.

Subscriber level telephone exchange

ATS Moscow providing connection of subscribers to the public telephone network, providing telephone numbers in codes 499 and 495 is a subscriber PBX. Many companies place PBXs in their servers to receive streaming telephony via E1; EDSS signaling is usually used.

Modern telephone exchange

The development of telephony and the transmission of telephone traffic over IP networks led to the creation of IP PBX. Telephone exchanges capable of transmitting telephone signals Today, via IP networks and the Internet, devices for organizing telephone communications are more advanced. Usually these are software telephone exchanges that are installed on standard computer hardware in a case various sizes.

A modern telephone exchange allows you to organize telephone communications with the capabilities that you need and do not have to adjust the functionality to the tasks being solved in the company in the field of telephone communications.

Canmos, as part of the provision of telephone services, has the opportunity to offer such modern features like: WebRTC calls, CallBack calls and many other office-needed features.

Advantages of IP PBX

1. IP PBX can be located anywhere on the Internet and control the operation of phones.

2. The IP network allows you to transmit telephone traffic without additional costs, so the price of IP telephony is significantly lower than telephony transmitted in a traditional way.

3. Modern automatic telephone exchanges can be made on the basis of open program code and a computer, the cost of such a PBX is significantly less than traditional PBXs.

4. ATS Moscow distributing numbers in code 495 or 499 to its subscribers can physically be located in a virtual machine.

IP PBX Moscow

A telephone exchange that uses the Internet or local network- the intranet is called IP. Some IP PBXs have mixed connection capabilities with subscribers using an IP network and an inter-exchange connection via SS7; such PBXs are more secure and have higher quality communications.

For office telephony in a small office, a virtual PBX is quite sufficient, but many companies want to have their own telephone exchange for complete control of telephone conversations and the ability to configure telephone communications on their equipment. IP PBX Moscow is quite suitable for the work of such companies, let's look at what it is.

IP PBX Moscow is a telephone exchange made on the basis of a program that is installed in a case of various sizes depending on the necessary equipment, canmos will be able to select necessary equipment according to performance and purpose for your goals and objectives.

The main difference between IP PBX Moscow and other similar ones is that the PBX already has a Moscow phone number one or more in code 499 or 495.

Automatic telephone exchange

An automatic telephone exchange in Moscow is a control element of telephone communication. Automatic telephone exchanges are divided into provider-level PBXs and subscriber PBXs. By connecting with each other, telephone exchanges of providers ensure the transmission of voice information between subscribers who have connections to different providers. Subscriber automatic telephone exchanges provide services to their subscribers.

Subscriber PBXs

All subscriber PBXs are necessarily connected to the provider PBX, which transmits telephone numbers of the region in which the subscriber PBX is located. Subscriber PBX Moscow has telephone numbers in code 499 and 495, usually this is a group of numbers (stack of numbers) that are allocated to the telephony provider and which the provider itself allocates to subscribers when connecting telephone services. Due to the rapid development of IP telephony, many companies are using telephone servers instead of the good old PBX, which are much more expensive and require less programming.

Telephone servers based on a computer and asterisk or freeswitch programs are the future and are already the present of very inexpensive high-quality telephony with very wide capabilities. Asterisk is a program with open source, which allows you to add functionality to the PBX by writing code.

An easy connection between the PBX and the subscriber for asterisk is a huge advantage in terms of the cost of owning a telephone server. To connect the subscriber and the PBX in traditional telephone exchanges, they used two paired wires that had to be laid in the wall; sometimes they were flooded or oxidized, which disrupted the operation of all telephony. A modern telephone server can connect subscribers via an IP network, a network that has already been laid, or it can be organized in a couple of hours (Wi-Fi). Flexible configuration options and a wide range of equipment available for use make telephone communications much cheaper and of better quality.

Prices for telephone exchanges with telephones in the Moscow code - PBX

Connect telephony in Moscow

Connecting telephony in Moscow or connecting a telephone in Moscow means connecting a subscriber device (telephone) to a telephony server or PBX. Modern technologies connections allow you to make such a connection quickly and inexpensively. To connect mobile phone You need to insert a SIM card into the phone, to connect an IP phone, you need to register the settings in the phone and through the Internet it will receive calls and call phone numbers. To connect office telephony in Moscow, you also need to configure all telephones or mini-PBXs of the office on the PBX of the telephony provider. For this you can use the Internet or a dedicated telephone line (telephony channel) in an optical cable. Order telephony in Moscow and the very next business day you will have a Moscow telephone number and a telephone channel with a configured virtual PBX.

Install an office IP PBX

A virtual PBX cannot always provide all the needs (if they are very broad) for telephone communications. There are some features of telephone communication in companies that can only be implemented using a PBX in the office.

The first telephone exchange in Moscow

A little history about telephone communications in Moscow! Seven minutes from our office is the famous house of the merchant Popov. Kuznetsky Most 12, now this building is undergoing renovation of the facade, but the building continues to operate and houses a museum of slot machines. In 1882, the first telephone exchange in Moscow appeared in this building. Only very rich people could afford to have a telephone at that time; the subscription fee was 250 rubles; a luxurious raccoon fur coat could be bought for 60 rubles. Subscription fee for the phone it was a fortune; only very noble and rich people in Moscow could afford this luxury.

The subscriber was connected to another subscriber manually, this work was carried out<телефонные барышни>, who were specially selected and at the same time paid a high salary of about 30 rubles per month.

Connecting a PBX in Moscow

Order PBX

The construction of a public telephone network consists of the following main parts:

• subscriber telephone sets;
• automatic telephone exchanges;
• trunk and subscriber communication lines.

Additional devices can also be included in the network.

In Russia, the principle of telephone communication with a central battery is used; in this case, power is provided by an autonomous source installed on automatic telephone exchange (ATS). Subscriber telephone sets (ATA), as a rule, do not require their own power source. The central battery on the telephone exchange is powerful battery, voltage 60-120 V. This battery must ensure operation of both the automatic telephone exchange itself and the entire telephone network for at least 125 hours. This is necessary to prevent communication disruptions in moments of technological disasters, emergencies, natural phenomena, military and terrorist actions.

Trunk lines serve to transmit information between automatic telephone exchanges, access other networks and provide additional services, subscriber lines are located in the area from the telephone exchange to each subscriber in special wells and trenches, as well as inside buildings.

For ease of repair and development of the network, approximately 20 to 30% of additional subscriber communication lines are used.

In public telephone networks, two methods of dialing are used: pulse and tone.

Tone dialing is more advanced, it allows you to reduce dialing time by tens of times, provides additional service capabilities, and is more noise-resistant, therefore, in all modern PBXs, as a rule, the tone dialing method is used. And pulse was introduced into them only to maintain the operation of outdated telephone sets.

The principle of tone dialing consists of short-term simultaneous supply of two frequencies from sets 1 and 2 to the line, four frequencies in each set, therefore, 16 combinations can be selected.

f - frequency.

Classification of automatic telephone exchanges

The main task of any PBX is to perform switching (connection) between two subscribers or groups of subscribers. ATS classification is carried out according to two main criteria:

1) by switch type;

2) by the way they are managed.

Decadal-step automatic telephone exchanges were produced from 1947 to 1960.

Coordinate automatic telephone exchanges - 1960-1993.

Quasi-electronic telephone exchanges - 1982-2003.

Electronic telephone exchanges - since 1990.

Decadal-step automatic telephone exchanges are built on stepper finders of the electromechanical type, when, depending on the number of received pulses, the moving contact is connected to one of ten moving contacts.

Coordinate ATS were built on electrical tablet coordinate units (EPKU), which were a field containing ten columns and ten rows.

at the intersection of outputs and contacts

With the help of EPKU, the moving contact could be connected to one of one hundred output contacts, where N is the column number, M is the row number.

Coordinate PBXs had an advantage over decade-step PBXs because it required less time and fewer connectors to complete the connection.

Quasi-electronic telephone exchanges were built on sealed contacts, so-called reed switches, with electrical control of these contacts (they lacked mechanical components and contacts). All switching and necessary commutations were performed using microelectronic devices.

Currently, the percentage of vehicles in railway transport is:

• decade-step - 20%;
• pre-ordinate - 30%;
• two-electronic - 20%;
• electronic - 30%.

Electronic automatic telephone exchanges have the following advantages compared to others:

• high operational reliability;
• high connection speed;
• lack of communication noise;
• the possibility of providing additional services;
• low operating costs.

Disadvantages of electronic telephone exchanges:

• high cost of equipment;
• highly qualified service personnel.

Today's youth cannot imagine life without cell phone. To the generation of the 1970-1980s, it seems that there has always been a telephone: a landline telephone, a pay phone, which were then smoothly supplemented, and in some cases even completely replaced by mobile phones.

In fact, telephone communication has existed in Moscow for a very long time. So, on July 13, 2017, MGTS turned 135 years old. The MGTS team celebrated its anniversary with an unusual record. On July 13, 2017, about 1.5 thousand company employees took part in a flash mob: they lined up in the shape of the company logo and simultaneously took several thousand selfies, which they then published on in social networks with hashtags #firstincity and #followmgts. In the first 15 hours, these photos were seen by over 200 thousand people. A representative of the Russian Book of Records registered a Russian record in the category “Company logo built from the largest number of employees.”

In addition, for its anniversary, the company launched a special website 135.mgts.ru, dedicated to the joint history of Moscow and its first telecommunications company. We at the editorial office of Banki.ru got acquainted with the history of the MGTS company and communications in Moscow in general and selected the most interesting and significant facts from the 135 years of its existence.

It all started on July 13, 1882, when the first telephone exchange in Moscow and Russia was officially opened. The customer base consisted of only 26 three-digit numbers. The telephone was a luxury product, one number per year cost 250 rubles, almost like three ferret fur coats, however, a year after the opening there were already 371 subscribers, and in 1889 the number of connected clients exceeded a thousand.

In 1903, Emperor Nicholas II arrived in Moscow on the occasion of the launch telephone line in the Moscow Kremlin, where the Ericsson company presented him with a telephone with an ivory handset. In the same year, the first telephone booths appeared in Moscow. It is interesting that the cable is supplied by an enterprise with the unusual name “Gold and Silver Drawing Factory”, which is headed by the same Konstantin Stanislavsky (he was the grandson of the founder of the factory, Semyon Alekseev). By the way, Konstantin Sergeevich himself often used telephone communication in his theatrical activities, forcing actors to read roles to him over the phone again and again, repeatedly repeating the signature “I don’t believe it!”

In 1916, at the height of the First World War, despite the difficult times, telephone communications in Moscow continued to operate and develop. For every 100 Muscovites there are 3.7 telephone sets, the largest number capacity in Europe is put into operation telephone network for 60,000 numbers. Before the advent of automatic telephone exchanges, the connection was established by female telephone operators, who were also called “young ladies.” The work was considered very honorable; only girls with a height of at least 155 centimeters (so that they could reach the upper switches) with a pleasant voice and, of course, unmarried were hired. After all, sometimes I had to work the night shift, which was considered unacceptable for married ladies in those days.

With the advent of the 1917 revolution, communication was interrupted for a while, but began to resume in March 1918. At the same time, the well-known abbreviation “MGTS” appeared. First, enterprises and institutions are provided with communications, then the network of telephone booths expands. It was only allowed to install telephones in apartments since 1921. By the way, radios for Muscovites were also connected via telephone wires MGTS.

In 1930, the first automatic telephone exchange (ATS) was located in the building on Bolshaya Ordynka, building 25. By the way, the first automatic telephone exchange served for 70 years. Which became the reason for including the station in the Guinness Book of Records. The first automatic telephone exchange was closed in 1998.

In 1932, the “09” information service appeared, and the famous “100” exact time service began operating in 1937. By the way, the number is still valid; despite the abundance of all kinds of gadgets, it is still called by 1.5 million people a year.

During the Great Patriotic War, despite the bombing and the approach of enemy troops to Moscow, communication was not interrupted, although half of the equipment still had to be dismantled and evacuated. The evacuated equipment returned to Moscow in 1944.

After the war, the telephone network underwent rapid growth, and therefore in 1968 all six-digit numbers were replaced by seven-digit ones, as the old capacity was no longer enough.

Moscow welcomed the 1980 Olympics with people speaking four languages ​​(English, French, German and Spanish) help desk"09". In addition, the city is installing 80,000 additional telephones and 350 payphones.

With the advent of a market economy, the need for communication has only increased. In 1990, the Comstar joint venture was created, which installed 100 coinless international telephones in Moscow. In 1991 the first appears mobile network, built by the Moskovskaya companies cellular" and Ericsson. The following year, 1992, they created mobile operators Beeline and MTS. The first operator networks began their work in Moscow.

A little later others mobile operators begin their work in the regions. On June 17, 1993, the company CJSC North-West GSM was created. This date is considered to be the birthday of the MegaFon operator. The operator will come to Moscow only on November 21, 2001.

The latest operator to enter the Moscow market is Tele2. The official launch of the operator's networks in Moscow took place in October 2015, making Tele2 a federal player.

The rapid growth of cellular, landline and Internet networks has led to the fact that Muscovites now live in the most developed city in Europe in terms of telecom infrastructure. Stationary and mobile connection,The Internet has gone from being a luxury item to becoming a necessity. Communication is everywhere: a mobile gadget in your pocket, Internet at home, at work, in transport, in cafes and restaurants. The quality is getting better, the speeds are higher, the gadgets are becoming more complex.

The future awaits us interesting and rich. But there is no future without a past. It’s good that round dates give us a reason to remember history and look back at the time when it all just began.