What does a computer list consist of? What does a computer consist of - the basic elements. Everything that concerns computers and laptops, whose list is updated monthly with new models, all this mechanical, chemical salad of various parts, cat

The main components include: the system unit ( frame), monitor And keyboard. Even the mouse, which seems like an integral attribute to us, is not the main device of the PC. And today we will answer the question of what a computer consists of and what is an integral part of it.

And the mouse belongs to, but a modern PC user cannot imagine working without it. You can work without it, but it is inconvenient, and many operations will be limited. In the operation of a computer, all components play an important role and fulfill their purpose.

Computer case (system unit)

Computer case- usually metal with a plastic front panel and many connectors on the back wall. Inside the main components are located computer, which is also called "". This includes the motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), power supply, and much more.

Housing designs come in different shapes and sizes.

Option 1: desktop version(desktop case) lies horizontally on the table, and the monitor is usually placed on top of it. This option is very suitable for tall people; this arrangement provides comfortable working conditions.

Option 2: tower (tower case) vertical location, next to the monitor or on the floor (in the table).

On the front panel of the case there are usually ON/OFF buttons, reset buttons, one or more optical drives, USB ports, connectors for headphones and microphone.

Most personal computers you can buy today come in the form of towers. However, today popular computers have internal components built into the monitor, these computers are known as . These include computers iMac corporations Apple and monoblocks from other manufacturers.

Monitor

Monitor displays the signal from video cards located inside the computer case. You see this signal on the screen in the form of images and text.

Previously, just a few years ago, monitors based on CRT(cathode ray tube cathode ray tube). Such monitors were similar to televisions of those times, but smaller in size. They were much larger and heavier than modern monitors, and took up more desk space. And they could be classified into black and white and color.

Modern monitors usually have LCD(liquid crystal display) or LED(light-emitting diode LED) display. These monitors can be very thin, and their screen is always flat, except for the most advanced technologies, where the screen has a concave appearance.

Most monitors control buttons, which allow you to change display settings, are located on the front or side panel. And some monitors have built-in speakers and USB ports.

If you don't go deep into specifications each type of monitor, then we can say that monitors based on LED backlight Allows you to display images with greater contrast than traditional LCD displays.

Keyboard

Keyboard is one of the main ways of communicating with a computer and entering data. There are many various types computer keyboards, such as wired, wireless, ergonomic, multimedia, etc. The difference between them is the presence additional keys and some difference in the location of the keys.

A standard keyboard, as a rule, has 101/102 keys; it can be divided into large and small halves. The small one is also called the numeric keypad. Each key has its own, and some are used in combinations.

If you want to improve your typing skills, I suggest you use a keyboard trainer SOLO on keyboard. When I was learning touch typing, I used exactly this simulator, and the results did not take long to arrive!

Mouse

Mouse – peripheral device , known as pointer V graphical interface user. This allows you to select an object on the screen, and the buttons allow you to select objects, open documents, etc. A standard mouse has two buttons (left and right) and a scroll wheel.

There are two main types of mice: optical and mechanical. But mechanical ones are already a thing of the past. A new generation is coming - laser mice.

IN optic The mouse uses an electronic eye that tracks movement on a plane. This mouse is easy to use and does not require internal cleaning.

IN mechanical mouse It uses a metal ball in a rubber shell, and two gears along the X and Y axis to detect movement. Generally, a mechanical mouse is cheaper but requires regular cleaning to keep it in good working order.

Traditionally, the mouse is connected to the computer using USB or PS/2 connections. You can also buy wireless a mouse that connects via Bluetooth, and the absence of a wire on the desktop leaves room for maneuver.

Mouse Alternative

There are other devices that can do the same thing as a mouse, but they look different. The most common alternatives include:

• Manipulator: The trackball has a ball on the top surface of the device that is used to move the cursor. Instead of moving the device like a mouse, you can simply move the ball with your finger to move the pointer, while the device remains in place. This device fits perfectly on a desktop with limited space. Some mobile devices have a miniature trackball that is controlled by your thumb.

• Touchpad: Touchpad (also called trackpad) is a panel that allows you to control the cursor on the screen by moving your finger across the panel. These panels are very common on laptops and netbooks.

Every PC user knows perfectly well that a computer consists of a monitor, keyboard, mouse, speakers and system unit. But it is clear that this is just the tip of the iceberg. This is, so to speak, just one side of the coin. If you look inside the system unit and other component computer, then we will find a huge number of details thanks to which, in fact, it works.

The most basic, of course, is system unit.

In general, it is directly a computer that performs hundreds of thousands of operations. If we replace the monitor, keyboard or mouse, it will simply become more convenient for us to watch movies, listen to music, type texts, etc., but the PC parameters will remain the same. Everything that is displayed on the monitor and heard in the speakers depends on what is inside. The internal details of the system unit determine the capabilities of the system as a whole.

The computer system unit consists of: video card, hard drive, RAM modules, coolers, processor, motherboard and many other parts. Let's look at the important parts and their functions in more detail.

Motherboard - This is the basis of the entire system unit.

This is the board to which all other parts of the mechanism are attached: video card, processor, HDD And so on. Because of this, its name is appropriate. It ensures the vital functions of other parts. The main function of the motherboard is to connect the other parts so that they work as one. If you open the cover of the system unit, you will immediately notice it.

CPU - This is the so-called heart of the computer.

It is the processor that executes all the commands that the PC user sets. The speed and capabilities of a computer depend on how powerful processor. The processor is located on motherboard in a special connector, which is called the “connector central processor" or "socket".

Cooler. This part is located immediately above the processor.

A cooler is a small heatsink with a fan that dissipates heat and thus cools the processor. This is a very important detail, because if the processor overheats, the computer will shut down. And this will quickly lead to PC failure.

Winchester or hard drive is a device on which all the information on your PC is stored.

It goes without saying that the larger the hard drive, the more information the computer can hold. Location of the hard drive in modern computers a little different from the older ones. Now they are connected using an interface. Usually, hard disks also often overheat, and therefore, for a longer computer life, install another small cooler near the hard drive, which will be enough to avoid repairs.

Video card– part of the computer responsible for the speed of processing video information.

In modern computers, the video card is installed on the motherboard via a PCI-Express connector. There are also motherboards that have several PCI-Express slots, this naturally improves the picture and makes the graphics subsystem more powerful overall. But basically, a regular video card is enough for the average user. Powerful video cards are necessary for those who directly work with graphics or simply who like to play games with a clearer picture in order to feel the whole atmosphere of the game. Also, each computer has sound and network cards. Their names themselves speak for their functions in the PC.

RAM modules– this is RAM in other words.

RAM temporarily stores data that the processor needs to perform an operation. At the end of such processes, for example, after closing a particular operation, the data from the RAM is immediately deleted. The speed of RAM, or more precisely access to it, is much higher than the speed of access to the hard drive. This helps you get virtually instant access to necessary information. Exist different models RAM, and therefore the connectors for them on the motherboard are also different.

These, of course, are not all the parts that make up a computer. In order to expand the capabilities of your PC, various TV tuners, modems, etc. are also installed. It depends on the desires of the user.

And, of course, in order for all this to function, you need power unit, which will give life to all this “hardware”.

Operating system, installed programs, documents, photos, music and movies are stored on the hard drive. HDD (hard disk) capacity is measured in Gigabytes. It is believed that the more, the better. As they say, there is never too much free space.

The front panel of the PC system unit usually contains two buttons:

• Power – used to turn on the computer;
• Reset - used when it is necessary to urgently restart the computer if it is frozen.

Also on the front panel you can find the following elements:

• indicators - LEDs and light bulbs that display the operation of the PC: indication of computer operation, indication hard state disk.
• floppy drives and optical drives are devices designed to work with storage media such as floppy disks and optical discs.
• connectors - designed to connect some external devices. Most often these are USB connectors, as well as a jack for connecting headphones and a microphone.

If you want to assemble a new system unit, if you want it to be made especially for you and not be like hundreds of others sold in stores, then the center computer help The site will be happy to help you make your dream come true. By contacting our service, you can be sure of the reliability and durability of your future computer. After all, its assembly and configuration will be carried out by professionals with many years of successful experience!

A computer is a very complex system that many people have worked on to ensure that the system does not fail the average user. This tool for performing tasks assigned by a person is found in every home today. And few people know what a computer consists of. It can be compared to the human body as each part of the device can be associated with a human organ.

What does a computer unit (system unit) consist of?

The system unit is a box in which all the main components of the computer are installed.

System unit parts:

1. is the skeleton of the computer that connects all the components in unified system. This board contains all existing computer components.

2. - the brain of the computer. The computer unit cannot exist without it. It does most of the computing work. He cannot see, hear or feel, he can calculate ones and zeros. It all looks something like this: “0010100100111011” 1 - the signal passed, 0 - the signal did not pass (each digit is called a bit). There is a concept about Gigahertz: 1 Hz = billion bits per second. Such a speed of calculation is quite difficult to imagine.

3. - fast computer memory. It records all the data that is necessary for the operation of any program. For example, if you give an example with real life, the poem that needs to be recited at school must first be written down in your RAM(during memorization), and then into the long-term. Computer RAM works the same way.

4. - this is precisely the long-term memory of the computer. Stored here operating system and that's all user files. Popular type hard drive this is HDD. It can be compared to a vinyl record player. It contains the disk itself, which rotates all the time, and a recording (reading) head. The disk is divided into small parts called clusters. It is from them that the head reads necessary information on disk. They store bits. There is such a thing as disk fragmentation. This is an action when parts of information are written to different clusters and the hard drive head needs to make more movements, which is why it wears out faster, as a result of which the hard drive itself wears out. A system unit can have several hard drives.

5. - the heart of the computer. Without it, the computer will not be able to start. It plays a minor, but very important role in the performance of the computer.

6. is another main component of the computer system unit. It can be compared to eyes. It captures the necessary image, which is transmitted to it by the processor, and the video card displays the received information on the monitor in a graphical form, which is actually very convenient for humans.

What parts does a computer consist of besides the above:

Parts of the system unit, in addition to the main components, namely.

Everything that exists in the world: mountains and oceans, air and animals - consists of chemicals.

What are chemicals?

All chemicals are made up of tiny particles called atoms. The simplest chemical substances contain only one type of atom and are called chemical elements. Chemical substances containing two or more elements are called chemical compounds. There are about one hundred elements and over ten million chemical compounds in the world. Scientists are constantly discovering more and more new compounds.

Glass is a chemical compound consisting of the elements silicon, sodium and oxygen.
Water is a chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
Copper, from which electrical wires are made, is a chemical element.
Mercury contained in a thermometer is a chemical element.
Sand is a chemical compound consisting of silicon and oxygen.
Helium is a chemical element. Helium-filled balloons can fly.

Although food, wood and plastic are very different from each other, they essentially contain the same three elements: hydrogen, carbon and oxygen. The difference between them is determined by how the atoms of these elements are combined into larger particles - molecules, and how these molecules, in turn, are located relative to each other.

Why are substances solid, liquid and gaseous?

Atoms and the molecules they form are in constant motion, even if the substance itself appears completely motionless. Its state - solid, liquid or gaseous - depends on the degree of mobility of its molecules.

When water takes the form of solid ice, all the molecules fit tightly together, forming a clear structure. These molecules still move, but their movement is reduced only to vibration.

When water is liquid, the molecules are still close together, but they can still slip past each other. A liquid flows precisely because its molecules can freely mix and change places with each other.

When water turns into gas, that is, into steam, the molecules move away from each other j* great distances and move very quickly.

Did you know this?

Two and a half thousand years ago, the ancient Greeks suggested that everything that exists consists of atoms. The word “atom” itself comes from the Greek “atomos”, translated as “indivisible”.

Is there anything smaller than an atom?

Atoms are made up of even smaller particles. They are called protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons form the center of the atom, or its nucleus. Electrons revolve around the nucleus Chemical elements such as, say, gold and mercury have different properties because their atoms are made up of different numbers of electrons and protons.

What is nuclear energy?

Atomic (or nuclear) energy is contained in the nucleus, located at the very center of the atom. This energy can be released and converted into heat in two ways: either large atoms are split in half, or small atoms are joined together. Nuclear energy can be used to produce electricity and create super-powerful weapons.

Nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating water vapor, which drives turbines that produce electrical current.
Thermal energy is released during a nuclear reaction.
Water, when heated, turns into steam, which drives turbines
This is where turbines generate electricity.

When an atomic bomb explodes, a huge amount of thermal energy is released, which has monstrous destructive power. One such bomb can destroy a large city.

Is it possible to see an atom?

Some atoms can be seen using a scanning electron microscope. It is capable of magnifying an image approximately 50 million times by passing a stream of electrons through the object, which then hits the screen. The computer then transforms the “pattern” left by the electrons into a complex pattern from which individual atoms can be isolated.