Keyboard key code. Explanatory dictionary of computer terms. Remote controls

Not every user knows what all the keys on a PC keyboard are for. But among them there are many necessary and unused buttons. To learn how to use them more effectively, you should know the purpose of the keyboard keys and be able to use them at the right time.

When starting to use a computer for the first time, a novice user does not think about what they need additional keys, and then completely forgets about them, using only those that allow you to type text. But additional buttons and their combinations can save time and, in some cases, money.

All keys are divided into 7 groups, each of which allows you to speed up your computer work and make the process more efficient. Thanks to the use of additional buttons, the user quickly types text, compiles a report, or simply switches between windows.

Depending on their functions, the keys are divided into groups:

1. Function keys (F1-F12) are designed to perform special tasks and, when pressed again, cancel the triggered action. For example, F1 is pressed to open help for the program whose window is active at the time of pressing. In games, the key performs the function assigned to it in the settings.

2. Alphanumeric needed to enter numbers, keys, punctuation marks and other symbols used when working on a PC.

3. Control keys, which include HOME, END, PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN, DELETE and INSERT.

4. Cursor keys are used to move the cursor while working in text editing programs, in a browser, or when selecting files on a computer.

5. Control keys (modifiers) (Alt, Ctrl, Win, Caps Lock, Fn), most often used in combination with each other or with other buttons on the keyboard.

6. Number keys are needed to quickly enter numbers, so they are often used when drawing up reports or working with a calculator.

7. Editing keys (deleting information) – Backspace, Delete.

Key layout on different keyboards may differ, but they are all located in approximately the same places relative to each other. Additional keys can also be built in to mute the sound, increase or decrease the volume, and quickly go to the mailbox.

Let's take a closer look at the purpose of the computer keyboard keys with their full description.

Each key can perform one or more functions:

Spacebar located at the bottom of the keyboard and is the largest. When typing, it makes a space between words, and when a fragment of text is selected, it replaces it with a space, which speeds up work text editor. In an Internet browser, it performs the scroll-down function.
Esc when pressed, cancels the last action, closes or minimizes open windows.
Print Screen creates a screenshot that is inserted into text and graphic editor. The image obtained in this way is called a “screenshot”. The key is also used to print images from the screen.
Scroll Lock needed to enable a mode in which you can scroll the page up and down using the cursor keys. But it doesn't work on all computers.
Pause/Break pauses the running process, for example, when you boot the computer, you can pause and view system information, but like the previous key described, it does not work on all devices.
Insert activates a mode in which characters are entered over the printed text. After pressing, printing occurs over the entered characters, which at this moment begin to be erased. To cancel the action, press the key again.
Delete denoted on the keyboard as Del and is needed to delete characters entered in a text editor or selected files. If an action is performed in a text input field, it is deleted to the right of the cursor.
Home This is the key that jumps to the beginning of the filled line. If the cursor is at the end of a sentence in a word processor, pressing the specified button will move the cursor in front of the first letter on the line. If you click on an empty line, nothing happens. In the browser, rewinds the page to the beginning (up).
End moves the cursor to the end of the line. In the browser, it rewinds the page to the very bottom.
Page Up turns the page up. In some media players, pressing a key will play the previous file in the folder.
Page Down scrolls the page down, and in the players includes the media file that is next in the playback queue.
Backspace is used to remove characters to the left of the cursor in a text editor or in a field intended for entering characters.
Tab used to insert a tab character equal to 8 spaces (forms a paragraph, for example in Word). Also used in combination with other keys.
Caps Lock switches capital letters to capitals and vice versa.
Shift When pressed simultaneously with a letter, it becomes capitalized. If Caps Lock is on, it will be lowercase.
Alt used in several keyboard shortcuts. Together with Shift, it changes the layout to English; if you press Tab at the same time, it will switch to the program window that was open before.
Num Lock turns on a mode in which additional numeric keys work.
Enter needed to switch to next line in a text editor, as well as for entering information and confirming actions in many programs.
Windows used to open the menu called up when the mouse clicks the “Start” button.
Context is located near the right key and calls context menu, which differs depending on the program you are using.
The cursor keys move the cursor and allow you to scroll pages in the browser.

Hot keys speed up work on the computer by triggering one or another action. In the described combinations, the keys are pressed in the order in which they are written. Using button combinations it is easy to speed up the process of calling a particular function.

Windows + Pause/break - opens a window that displays information about the computer.
Windows + L is a combination that locks the computer. It helps you change faster account user.
Windows + D - minimizes all windows. To open them, the keys are pressed again.
Windows + Space – the combination is designed to show the desktop.
Windows+ E - needed to go to “my computer”.
Windows + R - Opens the Run window.
Windows + Tab - switches between windows running programs.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc - opens the task manager.
Win + F - opens a search window for file system computer.
Ctrl + F - activates the search function in a document or program.
Alt + F4 is a keyboard shortcut that closes the active window. If the desktop is active, allows you to restart or shut down the computer when pressed again.
Ctrl + - zooms in or out depending on which way you scroll the mouse wheel.
Alt + Print Screen – the combination creates a screenshot of the program window that is active at that moment.

Hot keys when working with text and files

Ctrl + A - Selects all characters in a text editor or files in an open folder.
Ctrl + C - copies the selected fragment or files.
Ctrl + V - Pastes text or files contained in the clipboard.
Ctrl + Z – the combination is needed to cancel last action.
Ctrl + P - opens the print window.
Ctrl + N - opens a new window of the program that is running at that moment.
Ctrl + S - saves the typed text or project.
Shift + Delete – the combination completely deletes files without placing them in the trash. Be careful and careful when using this key combination!

Typing constantly on one keyboard makes it difficult to get used to another if you have to use several computers. In an electronics store, it is difficult to choose a specific model if you do not know what types of devices exist.

Depending on the buttons, all keyboards are divided into 3 types:

To understand which keyboard is more comfortable, try pressing several keys and comparing the sensations. Some devices click too loudly during use or press harder. When pressed, it becomes clear to what depth the buttons go.

In order not to get tired of the noise of the keyboard, for constant work you need to choose models with “softer” keys. Standard devices have a long pitch, while laptops have a short pitch. This also needs to be taken into account.

A multimedia keyboard with additional buttons and connectors significantly increases the degree of comfort when working at a computer, so for long-term work it is worth choosing just such models.

Important! For comfortable work, it is worth purchasing white keyboards. If English and Russian letters are different in color, this allows you to quickly switch from one language to another.

Regardless of which keyboard you choose for your work, it is important to create a comfortable environment. To do this, your hands should be located in a comfortable position. Don't forget about posture. Choosing the right keyboard and following the basic rules of working with a computer will allow you to enjoy the process.

Friends! I hope this article was useful to you, and now you know the purpose of the computer keyboard keys and will use them as efficiently as possible.

K6-designation for Pentium-compatible processors manufactured by AMD.

KB-kilobyte - 1024 bytes.

KB- see Knowledge Base.

Kbit - kilobit - 1024 bits.

Kbyte -kilobyte - 1024 bytes.

Kermit-information transfer protocol telephone lines for asynchronous communication, in which transmission occurs in blocks of variable length with error checking.

Kernel-core - lower level operating system, responsible for I/O operations and memory management at the system level.

Kern-kerning - changing the distances between different pairs of characters, for example, different spaces can be used between the pairs “UA” and “AL”.

Key -key – 1. identifier of a record in databases, with the help of which a link to records is made, 2. a set of characters for encoding/decoding messages. 3. key on the keyboard.

Key -key - a button on the keyboard on which characters are printed that identify it.

Key action -key action - pressing and releasing a key on the keyboard.

Key code -key code - a numeric code assigned to a key. When you press a key this code transmitted to computer programs for processing.

Key combination -Key combination - pressing several keys one after another. For example, record Ctrl+Alt+Del indicates that the key is pressed first Ctrl, this key is not released and the key is pressed Alt, without releasing these two keys, you need to press Del, after which all three keys are released.

Key disk -key disk is a special floppy disk that contains information that cannot be copied to another diskette and serves as a means of protection against piracy.

Key field -key field is a concept in databases that defines an area of memory where a key or part of it is located.

Key in -pressing a key - pressing a key to enter the character that corresponds to it.

Keyboard -keyboard is a device used to enter information into a computer. Consists of a panel on which the keys are located.

Keyboard buffer -keyboard buffer - a buffer into which characters entered from the keyboard are entered and has standard size. From the buffer, data is sent for processing to CPU. When the processor is busy for a long time, the entered characters accumulate in the buffer, and when overflowing, no further entries occur and the system produces a sound signal.

Keyboard controller -keyboard controller - a microprocessor used to process information entered from the keyboard.

Keyboard enhancer -Keyboard extender is a program that is designed to redefine key values.

Keyboard layout -keyboard layout - the arrangement of keys on the keyboard. It can be AZERTY and QWERTY based on the name of the keys in the top row. The QWERTY layout is more common. In addition, there are keyboards with different numbers of keys, containing 84 and 101 keys.

Keyboard lockoutKeyboard lock - a situation in which entering characters from the keyboard is prohibited. For example, older computer models had system unit a lock that, when turned on, locked the keypad. The keyboard can also be locked due to errors in the system and in other cases.

Keyboard template -keyboard template - stickers on the keys indicating the symbols or commands corresponding to the key. Previously, due to the fact that the keyboard did not have Cyrillic (Russian characters), stickers were often used to indicate the location of characters.

Keylock -Keyboard lock - a lock on older computer models in which there is a lock on the system unit. When the lock is closed, the keypad is locked.

Keypad -secondary keyboard - a secondary keyboard, such as a numeric one, that can be used in a standard keyboard or laptop where the numeric keypad is combined with other keys.

Keypunch -puncher - a device that prepares punched cards using a keyboard for their further operation. Now it is practically not used.

Keystroke-keystroke - the action of pressing and releasing a key on the keyboard.

Keystroke buffer -keystroke buffer - a buffer that contains the values of the pressed keys. When this buffer overflows, a sound signal occurs.

Keyword - keyword- a concept used in databases, denoting a specific code by which you can quickly find the desired record (page, file). In programming languages, it denotes an operation to be performed.

Kill -kill - cancel the current program.

Kilo-kilo is a prefix denoting an increase of a thousand times. For example, a kilogram is equal to a thousand grams. In computing, kilo means 2 10 - 1024, that is, one kilobyte is equal to 1024 bytes.

Kilobit -kilobit - 1024 bits.

Kilobyte -kilobyte - 1024 bytes.

Kilohertz -kilohertz - 1000 hertz.

Kiosk mode -kiosk mode - displaying the program on the full screen when browsing the World Wide Web, in which many buttons are removed from the screen.

Kludge-kludge - a blunder, that is, a program or hardware, which works correctly, but is not done elegantly. For example, a program that is difficult to understand because it is not written in the style of structured programming, but with big amount transitions in the body of the program.

Knowledge acquisitionacquiring knowledge is working with an expert in an expert system, in which the knowledge base is filled with information.

Knowledge Base (KB) -knowledge base - the base in which knowledge is located. It is used in expert systems, when experts, working with the system, put their knowledge into it in the form of logical rules.

Knowledge engineer -knowledge engineer - a user who can work with an expert system, but is not an expert.

Knowledge representation -knowledge representation - a system for storing knowledge in an expert system, usually based on logical rules (If... then...).

LButton - left mouse button

RButton - right button mice

MButton - middle mouse button (or wheel)

WheelDown - turn the mouse wheel down

WheelUp - turn the mouse wheel up

XButton1 - fourth mouse button, side

XButton2 - fifth mouse button, side

Keyboard

Note: The names of the alphabetic and number keys are exactly the same as the symbols of the keys themselves. That is, the "b" key is written as b, and the "5" key as 5.

Space - space

Enter (or Return)

Escape (or Esc)

Backspace (or BS)

Delete (or Del)

Insert (or Ins)

NumpadDiv - slash "/"

NumpadMult - asterisk "*"

NumpadAdd - plus "+"

NumpadSub - minus "-"

NumpadEnter - "Numpad-Enter" key

The following key names are used when Numlock is turned off:

NumpadClear - same button as Numpad5 on the keyboard

These key names are used when Numlock is enabled:

NumpadDot - "Numpad dot"

WITH F1 By F24- twelve or more function keys, on most keyboards are presented in the top row.

AppsKey - a key that calls up the context menu of a file/program, as if you right-clicked the mouse.

LWin - left "Windows" key

RWin - right "Windows" key

Control (or Ctrl)

LControl (or LCtrl) - left "Control"

RControl (or RCtrl) - right "Control"

LAlt - left "Alt"

RAlt - right "Alt". Note: if your keyboard has an AltGr key instead of the RAlt key, you can use the following notation for this key:<^>! Also note that the AltGr key can be written as the key combination "LControl & RAlt::".

Help is a rather rare key; it is not present on all keyboards. And it doesn't work at all like F1.

Sleep - we warn you that the "Sleep" key on some keyboards does not work under this entry.

Advanced function keys of Multimedia and Internet keyboards:

Browser_Favorites

Media_Play_Pause

Recording the form SCnnn, where nnn is the key scancode, allows us to work with other keys not mentioned above. For more information about this, see below.

Possible notation VKnn, where nn is hexadecimal virtual code keys. Although this rarely used method is supported by all versions of the program, only from version 1.0.38.02 and higher some types of hot keys are prevented from being tracked by the "keyboard hook" function. For example, the following key combination does not use a keyboard hook, and as a result can be triggered by pressing both the Home and NumpadHome keys:

^VK24::MsgBox You pressed Home or NumpadHome` while holding down the Control key.

Joystick

Joy1 - Joy32: Joystick buttons. To make it easier to determine the button numbers of your joystick, a special test script was created (see the link in the original article). Note that prefixes such as ^ (control) and + (shift) are not supported here (however, the GetKeyState command can be used). Also note that joystick keystrokes are always directed directly to the active window that supports receiving such signals.

Although the following joystick controls cannot be used as hotkeys, they can be used using the GetKeyState command:

JoyX, JoyY, and JoyZ: where X (horizontal), Y (vertical), and Z (height/depth) are the joystick coordinate axes.

JoyR: joystick steering wheel or 4th axis of joystick.

JoyU and JoyV: 5th and 6th joystick axes.

JoyPOV: the point-of-view (hat) control (POV control, “hat” or “view switch”; for example, the view through the eyes of the player).

JoyName: Joystick name.

JoyButtons: Number of buttons supported by the joystick (not always exact).

JoyAxes: Number of directions supported by the joystick.

JoyInfo: generates a string consisting of zero or more characters illustrating the joystick's capabilities: Z (Z direction available), R (R direction available), U (U direction available), V (V direction available), P (POV control available), D (POV control has a limited number of discrete/intermediate settings), C (POV control transmits continuous/accurate data). Example string: ZRUVPD.

Multiple joysticks: If you use several joysticks at the same time, then for more precise command addressing, use the joystick number before the name of the joystick key when writing. For example, the entry 2joy1 will indicate the first button of the second joystick.

Note: If you have problems with the scripts identifying your joystick, you can try changing the joystick number from 1 to something else, even though you only have one connected to your computer. It is unknown for what mystical reasons, but sometimes this, together with the use of our test script, gives a positive result.

Using a joystick as a mouse: a special script turns your joystick into a mouse (see link in the original article).

Remote controls

Receiving signals from remote control panels using a special WinLIRC client script - see the link in the original article.

Special keys

If your keyboard or mouse has keys not listed above, you still have the option to use them as hotkeys using the following method:

First, make sure that you have the keyboard hook installed - #InstallKeybdHook.

We run this script, and then double-click on its icon in the system tray to open its main window.

Then we press the very key that we are trying to determine.

Next, open the script window menu “View - Key history and script info” and scroll the entries to the very bottom.

Somewhere at the bottom of this log there should be records of pressing and releasing our desired key. The log itself is updated by pressing the F5 key. Note: if after pressing the desired key no entries appear in the log, then such a key is not recognized by this program. In this case, you cannot use this key as a hot key, because either your keyboard driver or its hardware component itself produces a signal at a level that is too low for AutoHotkey to detect. In the case of “evil” drivers, you can try either reconfiguring the “native” drivers themselves, or replacing them with other, more friendly ones, such as the default Windows keyboard drivers.

If your key is successfully detected, pay attention to the three-digit hexadecimal number in the second column of the log (for example, 159).

Now, to use this key as a hotkey, follow this example:

SC159:: ; Replace 159 with your key index. MsgBox, You pressed the %A_ThisHotKey% Return key

As an alternative method or in addition to the one described above: to reassign any key to our “search” key, use a notation like #c::Send (vkFFsc159). Replace 159 with your key index determined by the method described above. If necessary, replace the letters FF with those displayed in the first column of the "View-Key history" log (the code of your virtual key).