Minister of Communications Nikolai Nikiforov announced that in 2018 Russia will be able to abandon analogue television broadcasting. It is assumed that by this time the entire country will be ready to switch to digital television, but not everyone shares the optimism of officials. Lenta.ru found out why, after switching to digital, many Russians may lose access to television and how to avoid this.

Why does analog die?

According to Nikiforov, in 2018 the state will stop subsidizing analogue television. This doesn't mean it will be turned off. The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications explained to Lenta.ru that TV channels, in addition to the digital format, who want to broadcast in analogue, will have this opportunity: to do this, they just need to agree with the signal distributor - the Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network (RTRS). For example, regional channels will be able to continue broadcasting analogue.

The transition to digital by 2018 is not new in itself. In 2009, when the excitement around the launch of digital TV in Russia was just gaining momentum, officials made rosy plans for a complete transition to a new broadcast format by 2015; later the plans were adjusted and a new milestone was named - 2018. It was assumed that by that time more than half of Russians would have acquired television receivers capable of reading a digital signal.

Why is digital better than analog?

Digital TV is different best quality, allows you to fit more channels in one frequency range, it is more resistant to interference. Often, dense urban areas contribute to the creation of ripples or stripes on television screens. Digital view transmission allows the signal to bypass these obstacles and produce a smooth picture at the output.

How do you “smoke” an analogue?

The transition to digital television is a worldwide trend. In the West, this process began ten years earlier than in Russia. Abroad, digital broadcasting began in the 1990s, while in Russia they began testing “digital” in 2000 (in the Nizhny Novgorod region). To date, almost all of Western Europe, Scandinavian countries, the USA, some CIS countries and Latin America have abandoned the analogue format. In 2017, Ukraine plans to completely abandon analogue broadcasting in favor of digital.

At the time when Luxembourg and the Netherlands switched completely to digital for the first time (in 2006), Russia had just created a government commission that began working on the concept of introducing new TV standards. It was headed by Dmitry Medvedev. Having become president in 2008, he became closely involved in television issues (at the same time an attempt was made to create public television, which resulted in the opening of the OTR channel with - approx. "Tapes.ru"). In 2009, the Federal Target Program was approved, according to which investments in digital television broadcasting amounted to almost 165 billion rubles.

It was decided that the new format would come to viewers’ homes in multiplexes - packages that are transmitted on the same frequency. The first multiplex included ten federal TV channels - Channel One, Russia 1, Russia 2 (later its frequencies were transferred to Match TV), NTV, Channel Five, Russia K, Russia 24, Karusel, freshly baked OTR and TV Center.

Seats in the second multiplex were put up for competition. Dozens of channels fought for the right to be publicly accessible throughout Russia. As a result, REN TV, STS, Spas, Domashny, TV-3, Friday, Zvezda, Mir, TNT and Muz-TV (now - "YU"). Among the channels that applied, but did not enter the multiplex, were Russia Today, Dozhd, Peretz, NTV Plus, Komsomolskaya Pravda.

Channels have to pay a lot for the opportunity to be in a multiplex. Initially, it was planned that TV companies would pay almost a billion rubles annually to RTRS to build the necessary infrastructure and maintain the signal. Subsequently, annual payments were reduced to 150 million, but from 2019, after the full deployment of the second multiplex, the cost of broadcasting there may again rise to a billion rubles.

For some channels this amount turned out to be unaffordable. Thus, the Orthodox “Spas”, which, as its general director states, exists solely on donations from viewers, still cannot pay off RTRS, and, as in July, does not have an agreement with the signal distributor at all.

Before the crisis, the authorities planned to launch a third multiplex, which would have included regional channels, but the idea failed - the idea was recognized as economically unprofitable. As a result, the third multiplex was launched only in Crimea due to the digital infrastructure that the peninsula inherited from Ukraine.

Who can be left without television?

The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications explained to Lenta.ru that by 2018, digital broadcasting will cover 98.1 percent of the Russian population (ten free channels the first multiplex will be available to 98.3 percent of the country's residents by the end of 2016). The remaining 1.9 percent are small populated or uninhabited localities, as well as polar explorer settlements. However, wide coverage does not mean that the new television will come to every home, says a top manager of a television company whose channel is included in one of the multiplexes, who wished to remain anonymous.

To connect to digital TV and watch 20 public TV channels for free, the subscriber's TV must be able to receive a DVB-T2 signal (the European standard for digital terrestrial television second generation - approx. "Tapes.ru"). However, not all TVs, even modern models, are equipped with such a receiver. If the device does not support DVB-T2, the viewer will have to purchase a special set-top box with a receiver, which costs at least a thousand rubles.

Set-top boxes cannot be called expensive, “but judging by the fact that 30 percent of citizens cannot exchange an old TV for a new one, they probably do not have extra money to buy additional devices,” the channel manager suggested.

By the way, in 2012, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications proposed that regions provide several million low-income citizens with such devices. Whether the authorities plan to help beneficiaries with this is still unknown.

Lenta.ru’s interlocutor claims that not a single TV channel yet has an understanding of how the final transition from “analog” to “digital” will take place (as well as no idea of ​​the real losses they may incur). A sharp, overnight transition will not happen, he believes: there is a high risk that part of the population will be left without publicly accessible channels, which could lead to public indignation.

Three large-scale reports "Russian television and radio broadcasting and the Internet. Status, trends and development prospects in 2017", prepared by the Faculty of Journalism of the Moscow state university under the general editorship of E. L. Vartanova and V. P. Kolomiets. The clients for the report on the television industry were Rospechat and the National Association of Television and Radio Broadcasters.

The report "Television in 2017" was prepared by a large team of authors, it used data from the NSC analytical center, the Public Opinion Foundation, the Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network, the Association of Communication Agencies of Russia, research companies J'son and Partners Consulting, KVG Research, " TMT Consulting", Mediascope, Integrum news agency and - we are especially pleased to talk about this! - portal "Cable Guy". (The authorship of the sources of the other two reports is somewhat different).

Today we are publishing excerpts from this report.

Television in 2017

1.1. Implementation of the federal digital program. Results of the year

As a result of the measures taken by RTRS to fulfill the task of constructing the first multiplex facilities and providing the population with digital broadcasting within the time frame provided for by the Program, as of December 31, 2017, construction was completed and 5,019 communication facilities of the first multiplex were put on air (including 5,011 program ones and 8 - socially significant objects with a large population coverage in the regions of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th stages: Rostov region, Oryol region, Republic of Bashkortostan, Komi Republic).

Construction was also organized at 17 facilities in the Republic of Crimea, the commissioning date of which is planned by the Program in 2018.

Key indicator "Population share Russian Federation, having the ability to receive terrestrial digital TV channels" exceeded the planned value for 2017 by 0.1% and reached the level of 98.3%. In 83 out of 85 regions, digital broadcasting coverage was more than 95%.

Technical accounting and operational management subsystems have been implemented in all RTRS branches.

Until the end of 2018, part of RTRS’s costs for broadcasting television and radio channels included in the first broadcast multiplex will be paid for through federal budget subsidies. Broadcasting of TV channels included in the second multiplex is carried out by RTRS on a commercial basis in accordance with the terms of agreements with broadcasters.

1.2 Development of legislation and regulation

In 2017, changes related to the regulatory regulation of television appeared in all four major laws for the media industry - “On Mass Media” (1991), “On Communications” (2003), “On Advertising” (2006) and “On Information” information technology and on information protection" (2006).

Amendments to Article 35 of the Law "About the media" and to article 66 of the law "About communication" clarified the duties of TV channels and telecom operators to broadcast official messages from executive authorities containing emergency information about the dangers that arise in the event of emergencies of a natural and man-made nature, as well as during the conduct of military operations, according to the rules of behavior of the population and the need to carry out activities on protection. Such messages (alert signals) must be disseminated by media editorial offices in the relevant broadcast territories immediately and free of charge. Broadcasting of these messages by the operator is not considered an interruption in the provision of communication services to the broadcaster.

Amendments to a number of articles of the law “On the Mass Media” made changes to the procedure for registering media, including electronic (i.e., television channels). Starting from 2018, the issuance of paper certificates of media registration will cease, and the registration date will be considered the date of entry into the Roskomnadzor register. The service must be provided within 30 working days from the date of application. The amount of state duty for mass media registration depends on the territory of distribution. When calculating the duty, increasing and decreasing coefficients are maintained depending on the specialization of the media. A change of founder, change in the composition of co-founders, name(s), language(s), approximate topics and (or) specialization of the media, territory of distribution of media products, as well as the form and (or) type of periodic distribution of mass information must be formalized by making official changes to a record of mass media registration in the regulator’s register; complete re-registration in these cases is not required. An editorial office that has temporarily suspended, stopped or resumed distribution of media is obliged to notify Roskomnadzor about this.

It has also been established that the editor-in-chief of the media cannot be a citizen serving a sentence in prison or having a criminal record for committing crimes using the media or information and telecommunication networks, or for committing crimes related to extremist activities, as well as a citizen who has not reached eighteen years of age or declared incompetent by a court.

Amendments to Article 27 of the Law "About advertising" a new product category was allowed on television. It is now permitted to distribute advertisements for risk-based games, bookmaker gambling bets, and/or bookmaker personalization tools during live or recorded sporting events. For broadcasters, a restriction has been established that the total duration of such advertising should be no more than 20% of the total permissible broadcast time of advertising during sports competitions.

A particularly important innovation was the appearance in the law "On information, information technologies and information protection" Article 10.5. Responsibilities of the owner of an audiovisual service. The status of audiovisual services (AVS) has been established - OTT services, including online cinemas that monetize their services through paid subscription or advertising.

If ABC’s traffic during the day is more than 100 thousand Russian users, it is entered into a special register, the creation and maintenance of which is entrusted to Roskomnadzor. The owner of ABC should be Russian entity or a citizen of Russia who does not have citizenship of another state. The law sets a limit of 20% of the share of foreign capital in the ownership of the service. The owner of ABC is obliged to install one of the programs proposed by the regulator to count the number of users of his resource, and is also obliged to prevent its use for the purpose of violating the law or distributing content prohibited in the country. Administrative liability for violation of the introduced norms is also defined. Online publications, search engines and video hosting sites with user-generated content are not recognized by ABC.

In parallel, amendments to Article 15.6 of the same law “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection” clarified the procedure and terms for blocking by Roskomnadzor and telecom operators of sites on which information containing objects of copyright and (or) related rights was repeatedly and unlawfully posted, and access to which was restricted by court decision.

New Article 15.6-1. The procedure for restricting access to copies of blocked sites separately regulates the procedures for identifying and combating so-called “mirrors” of pirated resources by Roskomnadzor, hosting providers, telecom operators and search engines. All this together is of significant importance for the activities of Russian television broadcasters, who are the copyright holders of audiovisual content, as well as having their own legal resources in the ABC market.

1.3 The main events of the television year

Among the notable events of 2017, one can highlight the appearance on air at the end of December of the entertainment TV channel "Super", owned by Gazprom Media. The channel is positioned as a federal terrestrial television channel; before its launch, air frequencies were collected (mainly from other channels of the holding) in eight cities, including Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. The network was based on repeats of series and programs from other channels of the Gazprom-Media Entertainment Television group.

Two more events in the television year 2017 are related to difficulties in the activities of fairly high-profile recent projects. Thus, in December 2017, the Tsargrad TV channel stopped television broadcasting, which survived only in the format of an Internet resource with video content. Let us recall that “the first Russian conservative information and analytical television channel,” as the broadcaster positioned itself, was created in 2014 by businessman and politician K. Malofeev. Assessments of his activities, as well as political and ideological positions, were different, but it is clear that an independent, non-entertainment niche project in the television broadcasting system has not yet been able to gain a foothold.

In August 2017, the broadcast of the Life information channel, which began operating in 2013 as LifeNews (renamed in 2016), was closed. The TV channel was created within the framework of A. Gabrelyanov’s News Media holding and looked like a bright, professionally ambitious independent project. The management of the holding and the TV channel did not give a full explanation for the rather abrupt closure of the project. Throughout its existence, the sources of its financing have not been fully clarified.

Life's place on the air and partly in the television system was quickly taken by the new TV channel IZ.RU, created on the basis of the multimedia information center (MIC) Izvestia, which combines the editorial resources of REN TV, Channel Five and the daily newspaper Izvestia. All these organizations belong to the National Media Group (NMG), which, by creating an MIC, solves the problem of optimizing activities and releasing convergent products.

Back in 2016, the National Advertising Alliance (NRA) was created, the founders of which were Channel One, VGTRK, National Media Group and Gazprom Media. "STS Media" did not participate in the creation of the NRA, but gave it the sale of its advertising opportunities.

In 2017, the National Media Group and STS Media created three joint companies (the ratio of shares in each is 51 to 49% in favor of NMG), through which sponsorship opportunities and online advertising on the TV channels of both holdings are jointly sold and content purchases are combined.

At the end of the year, the Vitrina TV company was created, 25% of which was distributed between the National Media Group, STS Media, Channel One and VGTRK. The main project within the framework of Vitrina TV was the creation and launch of an online platform common to all TV channels of the founding holdings, a basic player for broadcasting their content on the Internet. You can pay attention to the fact that Gazprom-Media was not included in the project, but one should not exclude its appearance among the co-founders in the event of a successful start of the project.

The indicators of successful niche terrestrial TV channels continue to grow, the total share of thematic television (cable and satellite TV channels) is growing, which at the end of the year exceeded 15%, and the indicators of three channels - "House of Cinema", "Cartoon" and "Russian Roman" - turned out to be more than 1 % for each, which is higher than the results of, for example, such well-known brands as “Che” or “Channel U”. Against this background, one cannot help but note the continuing increase in the number of players in this segment - at the end of the year, experts counted more than 50 new non-broadcast projects.

The fragmentation of television continues due to the development of video viewing on the Internet. In the context of the development of interaction between television and the Internet, it is necessary to note the final consolidation of OTT video services, in Russia more often called online cinemas, as a full-fledged sector of the domestic television system.

Against the backdrop of positive trends observed in other segments of the television system, the situation in regional television continues to remain problematic. The total share of regional TV channels fell again in 2017, to 3.2%, and there is still no understanding of how the transition to digital will affect local broadcasters. As part of the search for solutions to support regional television channels, the State Duma adopted amendments to the law “On Advertising”. They allow channels that “in accordance with the broadcasting license are distributed in the territories of less than half of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation” to increase the advertising time using a “creeping line”, but not more than 15% above the permissible per hour in information and entertainment programs and no more than 5% in other genre groups of programs.

It should be noted that since the summer of 2017, pay TV operators in 72 constituent entities of the Russian Federation launched the so-called “21st button”, on which the winners of a special competition of the Federal Competition Commission broadcast for free. However, assigning the status of a “mandatory channel” helped solve, albeit partially, the problems of only seven dozen television channels, despite the fact that the position of many, including a significant number of “old-timers” who have been working since the 1990s, remains unclear. The search for solutions leads, in particular, to the creation of niche professional associations aimed at solving individual specific issues. Thus, in the summer of 2017, a new Association of Urban Television and Radio Broadcasters (AGT) was created in Ufa, co-founded by the National Association of Television and Radio Broadcasters (NAT) and the All Ufa TV channel. The most important area of ​​her work last year was the preparation of legislative initiatives to create a “22nd button” in operator packages for municipal broadcasters.

Russian television audience

The television industry continues to evolve. Therefore, we invite you to familiarize yourself with the latest news regarding the launch of new ones. So, Vod TV acts as a distributor. Broadcasting is carried out from satellite.

Alexey Petrov, who holds the position of General Director of Vod TV, said that Rai is the largest media corporation. And its activities cannot go unnoticed in Russia and the CIS countries.

As for the TV channels themselves, the main one is Rai 1. It can be called an analogue of the Russian Channel One. Rai 2 is aimed at the younger generation between 15 and 30 years old. Rai 3 features educational content. Rai News 24 specializes in news. Initially, the TV channels will be available in Italian. But the translation issue will be resolved soon.

Alexey Petrov is sure that Rai 1 content will appeal to Russian audiences. This is especially true for TV series and films of the company’s own production. TV viewers may also be interested in music, entertainment shows and much more. The Italian Cup is broadcast on Rai 1, but in Russia there will be a black screen instead. Broadcasts are temporarily unavailable. But this is no more than 1.5 hours a week.

Besides, VAnother TV channel dedicated to European cinema has been launched in Russia. Its name is Cinema. The new TV channel is being produced by Digital Television.. It was launched on February 1, 2017. The broadcast network consists of classics of world cinema. This also includes modern films. Most of the content is films of French and Italian production, shot at the end of the 20th century, and box-office European films.

Company representatives said that the creators of the channel choose comedies, adventures and action films that are designed to give a good mood. Ivan Kudryavtsev, known as the host of the “Cinema Industry” program, which airs on “

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2017 in television
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List "2017 in television" describes events in the world of television expected in

Years in television

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An excerpt characterizing 2017 in television

– Is it over?! - said Princess Marya, after his body had been lying motionless and cold in front of them for several minutes. Natasha came up, looked into the dead eyes and hurried to close them. She closed them and did not kiss them, but kissed what was her closest memory of him.
“Where did he go? Where is he now?..”

When the dressed, washed body lay in a coffin on the table, everyone came up to him to say goodbye, and everyone cried.
Nikolushka cried from the painful bewilderment that tore his heart. The Countess and Sonya cried out of pity for Natasha and that he was no more. The old count cried that soon, he felt, he would have to take the same terrible step.
Natasha and Princess Marya were also crying now, but they were not crying from their personal grief; they wept from the reverent emotion that gripped their souls before the consciousness of the simple and solemn mystery of death that had taken place before them.

The totality of causes of phenomena is inaccessible to the human mind. But the need to find reasons is embedded in the human soul. And the human mind, without delving into the innumerability and complexity of the conditions of phenomena, each of which separately can be represented as a cause, grabs the first, most understandable convergence and says: this is the cause. In historical events (where the object of observation is the actions of people), the most primitive convergence seems to be the will of the gods, then the will of those people who stand in the most prominent historical place - historical heroes. But one has only to delve into the essence of each historical event, that is, into the activities of the entire mass of people who participated in the event, to be convinced that the will of the historical hero not only does not guide the actions of the masses, but is itself constantly guided. It would seem that it is all the same to understand the significance of the historical event one way or another. But between the man who says that the peoples of the West went to the East because Napoleon wanted it, and the man who says that it happened because it had to happen, there is the same difference that existed between the people who argued that the earth stands firmly and the planets move around it, and those who said that they do not know what the earth rests on, but they know that there are laws governing the movement of it and other planets. There are no and cannot be reasons for a historical event, except for the only cause of all reasons. But there are laws that govern events, partly unknown, partly groped by us. The discovery of these laws is possible only when we completely renounce the search for causes in the will of one person, just as the discovery of the laws of planetary motion became possible only when people renounced the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe affirmation of the earth.

Largest operator digital television in Russia, Tricolor TV provides free channels for its subscribers in 2017. The list of channels changes every year, so this year it is slightly different from the previous list.

According to the laws of the Russian Federation, in 2017 all digital television operators are required to provide access to a certain list of free channels, and Tricolor TV is no exception. But to broadcast channels you need to have the appropriate equipment. In addition to installing a satellite dish, you need to purchase a smart card and a receiving device.

Important! The Tricolor TV company offers free channels for viewing only to its subscribers in 2017!

Paid and free channels provided for viewing by Tricolor TV are encrypted and their broadcast is impossible without certain equipment. The satellite transmission receiver and remote control will help decode the encrypted signal; the remote control is only useful for turning the TV on and off. For 2017, the recommended receivers are General Satellite and Dowridge Select Limited.

List of free channels of the operator "Tricolor TV"

In 2017, this list included four channels from Tricolor TV:

• Info channel "Tricolor TV";
• "Promo TV";
• "TV-TV";
• "TV instructor."

The promotional channel broadcasts about various channels included in the packages of the digital television operator. On the air of “Teleinstructor”, each subscriber will be able to find out how much a specific service costs and how to use it. Thanks to informational and educational videos, users will learn what promotions, packages and services Tricolor offers in 2017. The TV channel will also help you understand payment methods and troubleshoot problems yourself.

The Tricolor TV information channel will talk about changes in the broadcast schedule and ongoing promotions; entertainment show programs are also broadcast. “TV-TV” is an entertaining and educational television channel with an advertising and informational flavor for subscribers. TV-TV broadcasts works of world cinema, children's films, educational programs about gardening, and youth television programs are also included in the broadcast network.

Another absolutely free TV channel for users of the operator’s equipment is SHOP24: a 24-hour store on the couch.

"Basic" packages

In 2017, any subscriber of the Tricolor TV operator received the opportunity to watch 20 free channels included in the Basic package. To access it you need to connect to any other paid package.

List of channels in the “Basic” package:

1. First channel. Variety of entertainment and information broadcasts allows you to cover 99% of the population of the Russian Federation. Properly distributed airtime captivated audiences of all ages. In 2017, Channel One will show the series “Jackal”, this is a continuation of the detective stories “MosGaz”, “Spider” and “Executioner”.
2. Russia 1. News, entertainment shows, melodramas, detective series with exciting plots, as well as music and children's television programs make the channel popular and national.
3. MATCH! TV.The name of the TV channel speaks for itself. Live broadcasts of not only football matches, but all important sports competitions from around the world. The list of programs is very extensive, but they are all aimed at an active lifestyle.
4. NTV. Despite the fact that the channel is private, it still has federal status. The broadcast schedule includes crime series, news, political programs and revealing shows.
5. St. Petersburg - Channel 5. Sharp political television programs, military and detective series, classics of Soviet cinema - this is just a small list of what Channel 5 offers for viewing.
6. Russia Culture. The channel’s policy is aimed at the cultural education of humanity, therefore its schedule includes a huge number of theatrical productions, classical music and operetta, cultural news and documentaries about world cultural figures.
7. Russia 24. 24/7 news channel.
8. Carousel. All airtime is filled with cartoons and programs for the youngest viewers. In 2017, releases of everyone’s favorite program “Good night, kids!” will continue.
9. Public Television of Russia (OTR). The TV channel broadcasts analytical programs and programs about historical, scientific and cultural values RF.
10. TV Center All programs are aimed at social and political education of television viewers.
11. REN TV. A versatile popular information channel with a huge list of interesting films and programs.
12. Saved. An Orthodox TV channel that talks about faith, church lifestyle, as well as fasting and clergy.
13. STS. The entire broadcast is filled with entertaining programs, humorous series and action-packed films. Regardless How many time on the clock, there is no place for political news and analytics.
14. Home. The main audience of the channel is housewives, so all the programs are thematic, and the series are about love.
15. TV-3. The most magical and mystical channel that opens the facets of consciousness and makes you believe in miracles.
16. Star. The channel's broadcasts consist of military-historical films, and the topics of the programs are aimed at the problems of the Russian Army. There is no broadcasting from 23.59 to 4 am Moscow time.
17. WORLD. The channel broadcasts news every hour, but half of the airtime is devoted to TV series and films.
18. TNT. The TV channel is known for its humorous programs and series, as well as its scandalous reality show. Its broadcasts constantly feature masterpieces of world cinema.
19. MUZ TV. All airtime is filled with music or programs about it and its performers.
20. Friday!. An entertainment channel through which you can find out: where is the best place to vacation, how much things cost in other countries, which restaurants you don’t need to go to, and which stores have expired goods.

During 2017, the list of Tricolor channels may change; information about how many free TV channels are provided to subscribers can always be clarified on the official website or from the operator’s representatives.