Testing voltage indicators up to 1000 V. Voltage indicators. tests. Basic and additional electrical protective equipment
When working on electrical installations, the use of protective equipment (PE) is required - items that prevent a person from falling under the negative effects of electricity. It is important to correctly understand which ES should be used, what they are needed for, and how to maintain them in good condition, where Special attention should be given to inspection and replacement.
Protective means against electric current
ES protect workers from the following electrical-related factors:
- electric shock – electrical protection means;
- the negative impact of exposure to a powerful electromagnetic field - protective equipment in electrical installations where the voltage reaches 330 kV or more;
- the need for personal protective equipment - PPE.
As can be seen from the table, funds can be basic (OZS) and additional (DZS).
List of basic and additional electrical protection means
| Basic insulating electrical protective facilities | Additional insulating electrical protective facilities |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| higher 1000V: | In electrical installations voltage up to 1000V: | In electrical installations voltage above 1000 V: | In electric dances nap- dressing up up to 1000V: |
| voltage indicators | voltage indicators | insulating caps and linings | insulating caps, coatings and overlays |
| insulating pliers | insulating pliers | dielectric carpets and insulating supports | dielectric carpets and insulating coasters |
| insulating rods all kinds | insulating rods all kinds | dielectric gloves and boots | dielectric galoshes |
| devices and devices to ensure the safety of work during measurements and tests in electrical installations (voltage indicators for checking phase coincidence, electrical clamps, devices for puncturing cables, etc.) | electrical clamps, dielectric gloves, manual insulating tools | rods for transfer and potential leveling | stairs attached, stepladders insulating fiberglass teak |
| special protective equipment, insulating devices and devices for work under voltage in electrical installations with voltages of 110 kV and above (except for rods for transferring and potential equalization) | dielectric gloves | ladders, insulating fiberglass stepladders | |
Electrical protection means
OZS are needed in the process of servicing electrical installations to create a reliable barrier when touching live elements under voltage. Distinctive feature DZS is that they do not protect against electric shock on their own, but must be used in conjunction with OZS, the reliability of which they increase by protecting against arcing, step voltage or electric shock from conductive elements. In the figure above, in the table, OZS and DZS are in separate lists.
The properties of materials used for the manufacture of OZS are subject to special requirements. They have a stable dielectric characteristic. They include porcelain, bakelite, getinax, rubber, ebonite, etc.
The quality of dielectric gloves and other products depends on the type of rubber used. It has high requirements electrical resistance and sufficient elasticity. All products have a certain service life, because over time the quality of rubber deteriorates under the influence of the external environment, petroleum products, aggressive substances and damage. Therefore, tests are carried out for the AP, and a certain frequency is observed here, in accordance with established standards.
The products are manufactured for two different conditions of use in electrical installations:
- Up to 1000 V - OZS. Not used for higher voltages.
- Over 1000 V – are used as auxiliary protection devices together with the main auxiliary protection devices or when operating switches for voltages over 1000 V. These dielectric gloves are allowed to be used as auxiliary protection devices in electrical installations less than 1000 V.
The gloves are put on completely so that the sleeves of the clothing can be closed on top with the bells. To do this, their width should be sufficient. Wrapping their edges is not allowed.
Gloves are made with or without seams, from special rubber (Fig. below). The fact that they are ZS is indicated by the marking Ev or En. The sizes used should be enough to be able to put on knitted seals from below.
Dielectric gloves: a – seamless; b – single-suture
Checking products before work includes an external inspection for defects, cuts, tears, dirt and excess moisture. All these factors significantly reduce the dielectric properties of the GL. The gloves are checked for tightness by folding them in the direction from the bell to the fingers.
To protect the dielectric gloves used from external influences, ordinary work gloves are worn on top.
During use, gloves are periodically washed with soda, soap and other detergents, after which they must be dried.
Electronic glove test
Products are tested in an aqueous environment (Fig. below). To do this, water is poured into them with an indentation of about 50 mm on top, and then immersed in a bath so that the edges remain dry. Voltage is applied to the metal surface of the bath (8) and to the electrode placed in the glove and the current value is controlled. If several products are tested, the current in each of them is controlled by switching a milliammeter.
In the event of a breakdown or when the current through the glove is higher than normal, it is rejected.
Power is supplied through a high voltage transformer (1). An autotransformer can be additionally connected in front of it to control the test voltage.
Diagram of the device for testing dielectric gloves: 1 – high-voltage transformer; 2 – switch contacts; 3 – shunt; 4, 7 – arresters; 5 – inductive load; 6 – current device; 8 – capacity
The readings in each product are determined by a milliammeter (6), connected by contacts (2). In this case, arresters (4) are designed to protect switched circuits. If the glove under test is pierced, the inductor (5) limits the current and protects the circuit with the measuring device from overload.
The table below presents the established standards for the frequency of testing of dielectric gloves and other OZS.
Table of parameters for testing ES in electrical installations
| Name for- protective equipment | Voltage electrical installation new, kV | Test voltage, K | Duration, min. | Periodicity tests |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating isolating rods | 10 | 40 | 5 | 1 time per 2 years |
| Voltage indicators above 1000 V | Up to 10, above 10, up to 20 | 40 60 | 5 5 | 1 time per year |
| Voltage indicators up to 1000 V | up to 0.5 | 1 | 1 | _-_ |
| Voltage indicators for phasing | to 10 | 40 | 5 | |
| Cable piercing device | to 10 | 40 | 5 | _-_ |
| Insulating pads - hard | up to 0.5 up to 10 | 1 20 | 5 5 | 1 time per 2 years |
| - flexible | up to 0.5 | 1 | 1 | >> |
| Insulating caps for conductors off. cable | to 10 | 20 | 1 | 1 time per year |
| Flexible insulating strips for live work | up to 1 | 6 | 1 | |
| all voltages | 6 | 1 | Once every 6 months |
Insulating rods
The device consists of three parts: insulating, working and handle. The device is used on elements with passing current, or near them. The working elements can be clamps, tips and other structures, depending on the purpose. The universal head is made removable to perform different operations. It reliably fixes interchangeable devices. The rod becomes a monitoring device after attaching a voltage indicator to it. The number of links used on the insulating part may vary. Telescopic devices are convenient, but solid structures are also used. The weight load on the hand is standardized and selected so that one or two people can work.
Using rods, they check the quality of insulation, replace fuses, install various parts, carry out operations with disconnectors, and make measurements electrical parameters, apply grounding, etc.
Using a barbell, you can free a person who has suffered from electric current.
Devices various types rods and requirements for them are standardized.
In Fig. and a rod with a clamp is shown and all the components of the device are marked.
Rods used in electrical installations: a – operational; b – portable grounding
Portable grounding connections contain clamps for connection to live parts or wires (Fig. b). They can be removable or permanent.
Tests of rods are carried out under high voltage applied to their insulating parts. The parameters are presented in the table above. Voltage is applied between the working part and a removable electrode, which is temporarily attached near the stop between the handle and the insulating part (Fig. a).
Rod performance test diagram
The voltage value is regulated by an autotransformer installed at the input of the device (voltage regulator). The passing current is checked with a milliammeter, protected from overload using a spark gap (P) (Fig. b).
Insulating pliers
Using insulating pliers, fuses are replaced, linings, fences are removed, and other similar work is performed. They are made entirely of non-conductive material (up to 1000 V) or with metal jaws. Their weight allows one electrician to work.
Electrical strength tests are carried out similarly to rods. The parameters are presented in the table above.
Instead of insulating pliers, a rod can be used if you select a suitable working element.
Electrical clamps are used to measure parameters in circuits up to 1 kV. They contain a secondary winding connected to the device. A high-voltage bus or wire serves as the primary one. The working part is a detachable magnetic circuit with a winding and a device.
Voltage indicators
The devices are used to check voltage in electrical installations, as well as phasing of high-voltage equipment. Technical requirements to them are set out in GOSTs. Gas-discharge or LED lamps are used as indicators, ignited by a capacitive current passing through them. Indicators can be non-contact or with an electrode for direct contact with a bus or wire. Indication can be light, sound or combined. In this case, the signals must be clear and recognizable.
Figure (a) below shows the pointer high voltage UVNU-10 assembled. To create a working condition, you need to unscrew the thread, turn the working part 180 0 and screw it in again (Fig. b).
Voltage indicator UVNU-10
Tests are carried out for an isolated section and the indication voltage is checked. The frequency is regulated by established standards (once a year). The insulated part is checked in the same way as rods.
The light comes on when the voltage reaches 25% of the nominal voltage.
For check LED lamp voltage is supplied only to the working part.
Before operation, the UVN is checked by touching the live parts with the working element for 5 seconds. At U>1000 V) dielectric gloves are required for the device.
Portable grounding
Devices are needed to protect people working on live parts of electrical installations after they have been disconnected from voltage induced or supplied by mistake. Designs can be rod or rodless.
Test methods are no different from insulating rods.
If there is no rod on the grounding, the insulating flexible grounding element is checked in parts. You can test it in one go, reeling it into a bay.
Dielectric galoshes and boots
Dielectric shoes are an additional means of protection to OZS, as well as protection against step voltage in electrical installations or on overhead power lines.
Galoshes and boots should be worn on top of regular shoes. Outwardly, they differ from it in a not very impressive appearance, but the main thing here is safety.
Dielectric shoes for working on electrical installations
Before using the products, you must inspect them for defects: hard inclusions, peeling, ruptures, etc.
Electrical testing of shoes is carried out using the same technology as with dielectric gloves. The norms for filling galoshes and boots with water are 2 cm and 5 cm from the top edge, respectively.
Hand tool
As an OI in electrical installations up to 1 kV, a manual insulating tool (RII) is used. It is made in two types:
- metal with full or partial electrical insulation coating (Fig. below);
- completely made of electrically insulating material or with metal inserts.
Hand tools with insulation coating
The insulating coating of the metal must be sufficiently durable and resistant to moisture and oil products. The handles of pliers, wire cutters, etc. are equipped with stops that prevent your hand from touching metal parts during operation.
The tool must be inspected before each use. The protective layer must have no defects that reduce its strength and insulating properties.
Every six months, hand tools are inspected by a designated employee, who records the inspection data.
The tool is tested at a voltage of 2 kV with a time delay of 1 min, and the frequency should not be less than once a year.
Rules for using SZ
- Personnel at electrical installations, provided with the required protective equipment, must be appropriately trained and able to use them to ensure safety.
- ES are marked with the designation of the manufacturer, type of product, production date, and a stamp on electrical tests is required.
- Facilities and on-site teams are equipped with inventory equipment, as required by the standards and operating conditions. WS are also issued to employees individually. Their distribution is recorded in lists that are approved by the head of the electrical facilities. They indicate the storage locations of the AP.
- Unsuitable protective equipment or those that have expired are subject to removal with a note in the logbook. The entry must conform to a specific form.
- The equipment must be properly operated by workers. They are required to monitor the serviceability of equipment and control the timing of verification.
It is strictly prohibited to use expired credits! The ES can only be used for the purposes specified in the instructions. It is especially necessary to ensure compliance between the voltages of equipment and electrical installations.
- OZS can be used outdoors only in dry weather. At high humidity, only special protective devices can be used.
- Where there is a restriction ring, it is allowed to hold the device during operation only by the handle, up to the limiter.
Checking the status of the AP
- All operating equipment, with the exception of some remote control systems, are numbered, which is done with paint, by embossing on parts or by attaching tags.
- There is a frequency of inspection (once every six months, and once every three months for grounding rods) of the condition of the equipment by a designated contractor, who must record the inspection inspection data in writing.
- Upon entering service, new APs are tested (if standards are established for this) and stamps are placed on the products, establishing the terms of use for the required period. If the result is negative, the stamp is crossed out with paint.
- The results of inspections are recorded in logs, and separate protocols are drawn up for third-party organizations.
Equipment can be stored and moved only under conditions of reliable protection from damage, dirt and moisture. It is prohibited to store them together with tools. Also, various aggressive substances and petroleum products are not allowed to come into contact with the equipment.
When transported by mobile teams, protective equipment is located in covers, boxes or bags.
Test rules for AP
- The frequency of testing of the equipment is always maintained, but additionally extraordinary ones are carried out (after repairs, when replacing faulty parts, after an impact or fall, when a malfunction is suspected).
- Checking of protective equipment can be carried out only if there is no damage, the insulation is in normal condition, if there are factory markings, numbers, and completeness. The insulation surface must be free of visible defects. Structurally, the devices are designed so that they can be easily cleaned or prevent dust and moisture from getting inside. The comments must be eliminated, otherwise the AP will not be allowed to test for electrical strength.
- When checking insulation, the voltage can be raised quickly to 1/3 of the rated value, then gradually. After reaching the norm and maintaining the time interval, the voltage is reduced by 1/3 of the test value or completely, and then turned off. There are standards for the current passing through the insulation for each material.
- The breakdown is determined visually or according to instrument data. The product is then rejected.
- After shutting down the installation, the equipment is checked for the absence of overheating.
Video about SZ
This video describes personal protective equipment and their standardization.
For the safety of workers, ES are used at electrical installations; over time, they lose their properties. Therefore, there is a specified frequency of regular and extraordinary inspections of the equipment, so that if their characteristics deteriorate, they can be removed in time and replaced with new ones. When is it produced? proper organization application and verification of protective equipment, they ensure the necessary electrical safety of work.
Used during operation and repair of electrical installations.
Today's article will focus on low voltage indicators.
Low voltage indicators (LNV) are used to check the presence or absence of voltage in electrical installations up to 1000 (V) on those live parts where work will be performed. UNN is also used to check phase coincidence, i.e. low voltage phasing.
Low voltage indicators, or otherwise called voltage indicators up to 1000 (V), are of 2 types:
- single pole
- bipolar
Therefore, the application will depend on what kind of pointer you use.
There are a large number of varieties of low voltage indicators from various manufacturers.
I will not dwell on each type, but will only talk about the most common and reliable low-voltage indicators that I personally use.
For example, a single-pole low voltage indicator in the form of an indicator screwdriver is used in electrical installations only alternating current voltage from 100 (V) to 500 (V) and frequency 50 (Hz). The principle of operation of such a pointer is based on the flow of capacitive current.
The two-pole low voltage indicator (UNN-10K) has a wider application. It can be used in electrical installations of both alternating current voltage from 110 (V) to 500 (V) and frequency 50 (Hz), and direct current voltage from 110 (V) to 500 (V).
Its operating principle is based on the glow of a gas-discharge lamp when active current flows through it.
I use the two-pole low voltage indicator (PIN-90M) just as often. Its operating principle and design are similar to UNN-10K.
The difference lies only in the limits of the controlled voltage. Its operating voltage ranges from 50 (V) to 1000 (V).
- testing the insulation of handles and wires
- high voltage test
- indication voltage determination
- measurement of the current passing through the VNA at the highest operating voltage
1. Testing the insulation of handles and wires of low voltage indicators
Testing the insulation of housing handles and wires of low voltage indicators is carried out once a year according to the following principle:
Both housings (handles) of the two-pole low voltage indicator are wrapped in foil. The connecting wire is lowered into a bath of water, where the water temperature should be in the range of 10 - 40 ° C. It is necessary to maintain a distance of 0.8 - 1.2 (cm) between the water and the indicator housings.
We connect the first lead from the test transformer to the electrode tips. The second (grounded) terminal must be lowered into a bath of water and connected to the foil.
Similarly, the insulation of the housing (handle) is tested for single-pole low voltage indicators. The body is wrapped in foil along its entire length. It is necessary to maintain a distance of 1 (cm) between the foil and the electrode located at the end of the pointer. We connect one lead from the testing device to the tip electrode. The other (grounded) terminal goes to the foil.
For UNN with operating voltage up to 500 (V), a test voltage of 1000 (V) is applied for 1 minute.
For UNN with operating voltage up to 1000 (V), a test voltage of 2000 (V) is applied for 1 minute.
2. Testing low voltage indicators with increased voltage
Testing low voltage indicators with increased voltage is carried out as follows.
A test voltage of 1.1 times the highest operating voltage UNN is applied between the electrode tips for bipolar indicators, or between the electrode tip and the end part for single-pole indicators for 1 minute.
3. Determination of indication voltage
The voltage from the testing device is gradually increased, while fixing the voltage indicator indication voltage (VIN).
Low voltage indicators must have an indication voltage of no more than 50 (V).
4. Measurement of the current passing through the UNN at the highest operating voltage
The voltage from the testing device is gradually increased to the highest operating voltage of 1000 (V), while the magnitude of the current flowing through the UNN is recorded.
For bipolar voltage indicators, the current value should not exceed 10 (mA).
For single-pole voltage indicators, the current value should not exceed 0.6 (mA).
How to use a voltage indicator?
Before applying and using the low voltage indicator, you must ensure that it is in good condition by touching live parts of the electrical installation that are known to be energized. It is also necessary to check the presence of a stamp confirming the testing of UNN.
Checking the absence of voltage with a low voltage indicator is carried out on live parts by direct contact. The contact time must be at least 5 seconds.
When using a single-pole low voltage indicator, the use is not permissible, because it is necessary to ensure contact between the electrode on the end of the body and the person’s finger.
P.S. This concludes the article on the topic of low voltage indicator. If you have any questions while studying the material in the article, please ask them in the comments. Don't forget to subscribe to new articles from the site. Release news new article will be sent directly to your inbox.
23.1.Testing voltage indicators up to 1000 V
23.1.1. Electrical operational tests of voltage indicators up to 1000 V inclusive must be carried out to the following extent and in compliance with the following requirements:
Determine the operating threshold voltage, which must comply with the requirements of paragraph 8.2.8 of these Rules;
Measure the current flowing through the indicator at the highest operating voltage, which must comply with the requirements of paragraph 8.2.5 of these Rules;
Check the circuit with increased voltage, which must comply with the requirements of paragraph 8.2.4 of these Rules;
Carry out an insulation test with increased voltage, namely: for single-pole voltage indicators - the insulating body of the indicator along the entire length to the limiting stop must be wrapped in foil, leaving a gap of up to 10 mm between the foil and the contact at the end of the body; one wire from the test installation must be connected to the tip contact, and the second, grounded, to the foil; for two-pole voltage indicators - both insulating housings of the indicator must be wrapped in foil, and the connecting wire must be immersed in a vessel with water so that the water covers the wire, not reaching the handles by 9-10 mm; one wire from the test installation must be connected to the lug contacts, and the second, grounded, to the foil and immersed in water, as shown in Figure 2.
The current must be measured using a milliammeter connected in series with the voltage indicator.
23.1.2. When conducting operational tests of voltage indicators up to 1000 V in order to determine the operating threshold voltage, check the electrical circuit with increased voltage, and measure current, the voltage from the test installation must be applied:
To contact tips
For two-pole voltage indicators;
To the tip contact and the contact on the end (side) part of the housing - for single-pole voltage indicators.
23.2. Testing voltage indicators above 1000 V with a gas-discharge lamp
23.2.1. Mechanical tests of voltage indicators above 1000 V with a gas-discharge lamp during operation are not carried out.
23.2.2. Electrical operational tests of voltage indicators above 1000 V must be carried out to the extent and in compliance with the following requirements:
Determine the voltage of the indicator threshold, which must comply with the requirements of paragraph 8.3.4 of these Rules;
Determine the response time of the indicator, which must comply with the requirements of paragraph 8.1.12 of these Rules;
Conduct a test of the working part of the indicator with increased voltage - which (the working part) must comply with the requirements of paragraph 8.3.5 of these Rules;
Test the insulating part of the indicator with increased voltage, which (the insulating part) must comply with the requirements of paragraph 8.3.6 of these Rules.
When checking the indicators, it is necessary to record the operating threshold voltage values, which must comply with the requirements of paragraph 9.2.3 of these Rules.
23.2.3. When conducting electrical tests of voltage indicators above 1000 V to determine the response threshold, response time, testing the working and insulating parts of the indicator with increased voltage, the voltage from the test installation must be applied:
To the contact-tip and the connection element of the working and insulating parts - for a detachable contact-type voltage indicator;
To the contact-tip and temporary electrode (electrically conductive bandage), applied at the border of the working and insulating parts - for an all-in-one voltage indicator.
23.2.4. During operation of voltage indicators above 1000 V, do not:
Mechanical testing;
Electrical tests of transverse insulation;
Testing the working part of voltage indicators from 35 to 220 kV.
23.3.Testing voltage indicators for phasing
23.3.1. Electrical operational tests of voltage indicators for phasing must be carried out to the following extent:
Check the indicators according to the coincidence and opposite phase connection diagrams;
Subject the working and insulating parts, as well as the connecting wire, to a high voltage test.
23.3.2. Electrical performance tests of voltage indicators for phasing should be carried out according to the following schemes:
Phase coincidence - if both contact electrodes of the indicator are connected to a high-voltage transformer in accordance with Figure 3, a;
Counter-phase switching - if any of the contact electrodes of the indicator is connected to the terminals of the transformer in accordance with Figure 3, b;
When checking the indicators, it is necessary to record the operating threshold voltage values, which must comply with the requirements of paragraph 9.2.3 of these Rules.
23.3.3. When conducting electrical tests of the working and insulating parts of the voltage indicator for phasing, the test voltage values must be selected in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 9.2.4 and 9.2.5 of these Rules and applied:
To the contact electrode and to the connection element of the working and insulating parts - in the case of testing the longitudinal insulation of the working parts of the pointer;
To the metal connection and to the electrically conductive bandage applied near the restrictive ring - in the case of testing the longitudinal insulation of the insulating parts of the indicator.
23.3.4. Checking the insulation of the flexible connecting wire of the voltage indicators for phasing must be carried out according to the following method:
For indicators up to 20 kV - the connecting wire must be immersed in a bath of water so that the distance between the metal tips of the connection with the pole and the water level in the bath is from 60 to 70 mm, and the test voltage must be applied to the contact electrode and to the body of the metal bath;
For indicators from 35 to 110 kV, the connecting wire must, separately from the indicator, be immersed in a bath of water so that the water level is 50 mm below the metal tips, and one of the transformer terminals must be connected to the metal tips of the flexible wire, and the other - to the body of a metal bath or to an electrode immersed in water. The value of the test voltage and the duration of testing the connecting wire must comply with the requirements of paragraph 9.2.6 of these Rules.
According to ch. 3.6. PTEEP “Guidelines for testing electrical equipment and devices of electrical installations of Consumers”, the timing of tests and measurements of parameters of electrical equipment of electrical installations is determined by the technical manager of the Consumer on the basis of Appendix 3 of the Rules, taking into account the recommendations of factory instructions, the state of electrical installations and local conditions. The frequency of tests indicated for certain types of electrical equipment is recommended and can be changed by the decision of the technical manager of the Consumer.
Acceptance testing standards must comply with the requirements of Section 1 " General rules» Chapter 1.8. “Acceptance Test Standards” of Electrical Installation Rules (seventh edition).
In accordance with PTEEP (Appendix 3), measuring the insulation resistance of elements electrical networks are carried out within the following time frames:
electrical wiring, including lighting networks, in particularly hazardous rooms and outdoor installations once a year, in other cases once every 3 years;
cranes and elevators once a year;
stationary electric stoves once a year when the stove is hot.
In other cases, tests and measurements are carried out at intervals determined in the system of scheduled preventive maintenance (PPR), approved by the technical manager of the Consumer (clause 3.6.2. PTEEP).
For example, for healthcare institutions, according to intra-industry guidance documents, the following testing periods are defined:
checking the condition of the elements of the grounding device in the first year of operation, then at least once every three years;
checking the continuity of the circuit between the ground electrode and the grounded electromedical equipment at least once a year, as well as when rearranging electromedical equipment;
resistance of the grounding device at least once a year;
checking the impedance of the phase-zero loop when accepting the network for operation and periodically at least once every five years.
The frequency of preventive tests of explosion-proof electrical equipment is established by the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the Consumer, taking into account local conditions. It should be no less than specified in the chapters of PTEEP related to the operation of general-purpose electrical installations.
For electrical installations in explosive zones with voltages up to 1000 V with a solidly grounded neutral (TN systems), during major, current repairs and between-repairs tests, but at least once every 2 years, the total resistance of the phase-zero loop of electrical receivers related to this electrical installation and connected to each assembly, cabinet, etc., and check the short circuit current multiplicity, ensuring reliable operation of protective devices.
Unscheduled measurements should be carried out in the event of failure of electrical installation protection devices. After each rearrangement of electrical equipment, before turning it on, it is necessary to check its connection to the grounding device, and in a network with a voltage of up to 1000 V with a solidly grounded neutral, in addition, the resistance of the phase-zero loop.
Specific terms for testing and measuring parameters of electrical equipment of electrical installations at major renovation(K), during routine repairs (T) and during overhaul tests and measurements (preventive tests) performed to assess the condition of electrical equipment without taking it out for repair (M), is determined by the technical manager of the Consumer, on the basis of PTEEP and various inter-industry guidance documents.
Below is a table corresponding to Appendix 3 of PTEEP and other NTD.
| № n\n |
Equipment identification | Type of equipment testing | Periodicity | Scope of preventative testing | Note | NTD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Oil-filled bushings | - | a) measurement of insulation resistance; (9.1) b) measurement tg of the dielectric loss angle; (9.2) c) testing with increased power frequency voltage; (9.3) d) transformer oil test (9.5) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 9 |
|
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 4 years | P.P. A); G) | - | |||
| K (during major repairs) | Once every 8 years | P.P. A); b); V); | - | |||
| 2 | Overhead power lines | P (before commissioning) | - | a) control of insulators; (7.8) b) measuring the resistance of supports and cables, as well as repeated groundings neutral wire; (7.10) c) checking the operation of line protection up to 1000 V with a grounded neutral |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 7 |
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 6 years | P.P. A); b); | - | |||
| 3 | Oil and electromagnetic switches | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of insulation resistance; (10.1) (10.2) c) testing of bushings (10.3) d) resistance measurement DC; (10.5) e) checking the operation of the free release mechanism; (10.8) f) checking the actuation of the drive when undervoltage; (10.10) g) test by repeated switching on and off (10.11) h) testing transformer oil; (10.12) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 10 |
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 4 yearsP.P. a), d), e), h) | - | ||||
| K (during major repairs) | Once every 8 years | P.P. a), b), c), d), e), f), g), h) | - | |||
| 4 | Air switches | - | a) measurement of insulation resistance; (11.1) b) testing with increased power frequency voltage; (11.2) c) DC resistance measurement; (11.3) d) checking the operation of the drive at low voltage; (11.4) e) checking the characteristics of the switch (11.5) f) test by repeated switching on and off (11.6) g) testing voltage divider capacitors (11.7) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 11 |
|
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 4 years | P.P. a), c), d), e) | - | |||
| K (during major repairs) | Once every 8 years | P.P. a), b), c), d), e), f), g) | - | |||
| 5 | SF6 gas switches 110 kV | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of insulation resistance; (12.1) b) insulation tests with increased power frequency voltage; (12.2) c) DC resistance measurement; (12.3) d) checking the minimum operating voltage of switches (12.4) e) testing voltage divider capacitors (12.5) g) tests of built-in current transformers (12.9) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 1 2 |
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 4 years | P.P. a), b), c) g) | - | |||
| K (during major repairs) | Once every 8 years | P.P. a), b), c), d), e), g) | - | |||
| 6 | Vacuum switches 10 kV | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of insulation resistance; (13.1) b) testing with increased power frequency voltage; (13.2) c) checking the minimum operating voltage of switches (13.3) d) tests by repeated sampling (13.4) e) checking the characteristics of the switch (13.5) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 13 |
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 5 years | P.P. A) | First test after 2 years | |||
| K (during major repairs) | Once every 10 years | P.P. a B C D E) | ||||
| 7 | Load switches | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of insulation resistance; (14.1) b) testing with increased power frequency voltage; (14.2) c) DC resistance measurement (14.3) d) determining the degree of wear of arc extinguishing liners; (14.4) e) determination of the degree of contact burning; (14.5) f) checking the operation of the free release mechanism; (14.6) g) checking the drive operation at low voltage; (14.7) h) test by repeated switching on and off (14.8) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 14 |
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 4 years | P.P. A) | - | |||
| K (during major repairs) | Once every 8 years | - | ||||
| 7.1 | Automatic switches | P (before commissioning) | - | a) insulation resistance measurement b) testing with increased power frequency voltage; c) determining the characteristics of the switch d) determining the degree of wear of arc extinguishing liners; e) determination of the degree of contact burning; f) checking the operation of the free release mechanism; g) checking the drive operation at low voltage; h) test by repeated switching on and off |
- | - |
| - | K (during major repairs) | Once every 8 years | P.P. a), b), c), d), e), f), g), h) | -- | ||
| 8 | Grounding devices | a) checking the connections of grounding conductors with grounded elements; (26.1) b) measuring the resistance of grounding devices; (26.4) c) total resistance of the “PHASE-ZERO” loop |
Point c) in installations up to 1000 V at least once every 6 years | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 26 |
||
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 12 years | P.P. A); b) | - | - | ||
| Once every 6 years | P. c) | - | - | |||
| Once every 12 years | P.P. a B C) | - | - | |||
| 9 | Lightning protection devices | - | Once a year before a thunderstorm | a) measuring the resistance of grounding devices; | - | - |
| 10 | PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT | - | - | a) high voltage tests | - | Rules for the use and testing of protective equipment Appendix No. 5 |
| 10.1 | Dielectric boots | M (overhaul tests) | Once every 3 years | P. a) | - | |
| Dielectric galoshes | M (overhaul tests) | 1 time per year | P. a) | - | ||
| Insulating pliers | M (overhaul tests) | 1 time every 2 years | P. a) | - | ||
| Insulating hoods | M (overhaul tests) | 1 time per year | P. a) | - | ||
| Insulating pads | M (overhaul tests) | 1 time every 2 years | P. a) | - | ||
| Rubber gloves (dielectric) | M (overhaul tests) | Once every 6 months | P. a) | - | ||
| UVN non-contact type | M (overhaul tests) | 1 time every 2 years | P. a) | - | ||
| UVN with gas-discharge lamp | M (overhaul tests) | 1 time per year | P. a) | - | ||
| Voltage indicators up to 1000 V | M (overhaul tests) | 1 time per year | P. a) | - | ||
| Voltage indicators for checking phase coincidence | M (overhaul tests) | 1 time per year | P. a) | - | ||
| 10.11 | Cable damage indicator (light signal) | M (overhaul tests) | 1 time per year | P. a) | - | - |
| 10.12 | Cable piercing device | M (overhaul tests) | 1 time per year | P. a) | - | |
| 10.13 | Insulating rods | M (overhaul tests) | 1 time every 2 years | P. a) | - | |
| 10.14 | Measuring rods | M (overhaul tests) | 1 time per year | P. a) | - | |
| 10.15 | Clamp meter | M (overhaul tests) | 1 time every 2 years | P. a) | - | |
| 10.16 | Other protective equipment, insulating devices for repair work under voltage in electrical installations of 100 kV and above | M (overhaul tests) | 1 time per year | P. a) | - | |
| 10.17 | Suspension and support insulators | P (before commissioning) | - | b) high voltage tests; (8.2) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 8 |
| K (during major repairs) | Once every 8 years | P.P. a), b) | - | |||
| 10.18 | Portable electrified tools and safety step-down transformers | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of insulation resistance; (28.1) b) high voltage insulation test (28.2) | - | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 28 |
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 6 months | P. a) with checking idle speed (if possible) | Tool | |||
| 1 time per year | P.b) | Transformers | ||||
| K (during major repairs) | As needed | P.P. A); b) | - | |||
| 10.19 | Test installations: stationary, mobile, portable | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of insulation resistance; (27.1) b) high voltage test; (27.2) c) checking the serviceability of measuring devices and test installations; (27.3) d) checking the operation of blocking and grounding devices, signaling devices (27.4) | - | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 27 |
| M (overhaul tests) | 1 time per month | P. d) | - | |||
| Once every 6 years for stationary installations, once every 2 years for other installations | P.P. A); b); V); G) | - | ||||
| 11 | Cable lines (power) | P (before commissioning) | - | a) determining the integrity of the cable cores (6.1) b) measurement of insulation resistance; (6.2) c) tests with increased rectified voltage; (6.3) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 6 |
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 3 years | P.P. A); b); V) | - | |||
| K (during major repairs) | Once every 6 years and in case of cable breakdown | P.P. A); b); V) | - | |||
| 12 | Complete switchgears (KRU and KRUN) | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of insulation resistance; (22.1) b) testing with increased power frequency voltage; (22.2) c) checking the alignment and fit of the moving contacts into the fixed ones (22.3) d) DC resistance measurement; (22.4) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 22 |
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 3 years | P.P. A); V) | - | |||
| K (during major repairs) | Once every 6 years | P.P. A); b); V); G) | - | |||
| 13 | Power capacitors | P (before commissioning) | a) check appearance and sizes; (4.1) b) measurement of insulation resistance; (4.2) c) testing with increased power frequency voltage; (4.3) d) measuring the capacity of an individual element; (4.4) e) measurement of tg dielectric loss angle; (4.5) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 4 |
|
| T (during current repairs) | 1 time per year | P.P. A); b); G); | - | |||
| K (during major repairs) | Once every 8 years | P. P. a); b); V); G); d) | - | |||
| 14 | TRANSFORMER OIL | - | - | - | - | RD 34.45-51..300-97 "Volume and norms tests electro equipment" Section 25. |
| 14.1 | Power transformers | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of breakdown voltage; b) measurement tg of the dielectric loss angle; |
Item b) for TR-ROV 220 kV | |
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 3 years | P.P. A) | Item b) for TR-ROV 220 kV | |||
| When gas protection is triggered | P.P. a) and gas analysis | - | - | |||
| K (tests during major repairs) | In accordance with section 1 | P.P. A); b) | - | |||
| 14.2 | Instrument transformers | M (overhaul tests) | Once every 3 years | a) measurement of breakdown voltage; b) measurement tg of the dielectric loss angle; | - | |
| With increasing tg of winding insulation | P.b) | Item b) for TR-ROV current 220 kV | - | |||
| 14.3 | Oil switches | During major, current and unscheduled repairs with the number of limiting outages 7 and > | - | a) measurement of breakdown voltage | - | - |
| 14.4 | DC machines | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of winding insulation resistance; b) testing with increased power frequency voltage; c) DC resistance measurement; d) checking the operation of the machine at idle speed |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 24 |
| T (during current repairs) | 1 time per year | P. a) | - | |||
| K (during major repairs) | 1 time every 2 years | P.P. A); b); V); G) | - | |||
| 15 | MEASURING TRANSFORMERS | - | - | - | - | |
| 15.1 | Current transformers | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of winding insulation resistance; (20.1) b) measurement tg of the dielectric loss angle of the windings; (20.2) c) insulation test with increased voltage frequency 50 Hz; (20.3) d) reading magnetization characteristics; (20.4) e) checking the transformation ratio (20.5) f) measurement of winding resistance to direct current; (20.6) g) Transformer oil tests (20.7) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 p.21 |
| Once every 6 years | P.P. A); b); V); G); d) | Point d) 1 time every 3 years | ||||
| K (during major repairs | As required and test results | P.P. A); b); V); G); d) | - | |||
| 16 | POWER TRANSFORMERS AND AUTOTRANSFORMERS | - | - | - | - | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 2 |
| 16.1 | Main transformers PS | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of winding insulation resistance; (2.2) b) measurement tg of the dielectric loss angle of winding insulation; (2.3) c) measurement of winding resistance to direct current; (2.5) d) checking the transformation ratio; (2.6) e) checking the winding connection group; (2.7) g) transformer oil testing; (2.13) h) measurement of current and losses; (2.8) i) insulation testing with increased applied voltage of industrial frequency; (2.4) j) testing transformers by switching on a push to the rated voltage; (2.14) k) thermal imaging examination; (2.21) l) assessment of the state of the switching device; (2.9) m) testing the tank for density; (2.10) o) checking indicator silica gel; n) phasing of transformers |
- | |
| M (overhaul tests) | 1 time every 2 years | P.P. A); b); V); and); O) | P. a) 1 time every 4 years | |||
| K (tests during major repairs) | Depending on the technical condition | P.P. A); b); V); G); d); and); h); And); To); l); m); n); O); P) | P.P. A); b); V); e); and); h); check before withdrawing to the cap. repair | |||
| 16.2 | Other transformers (10/0,4) | P (before commissioning) | - | |||
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 4 years | P.P. A); V); m); O) | - | |||
| K (during major repairs) | As needed depending on the technical condition | P.P. A); V); G); d); and); h); And); To); m); O); P) | Points a); V); e); and); h); check before withdrawing to the cap. repair | |||
| 17 | Fuses, fuse-disconnectors | P (before commissioning) | - | a) test of supporting insulation with increased voltage (15.1) b) determination of the integrity of fuse links (15.2) c) measuring the direct current resistance of the current-carrying part of the exhaust fuse holder; (15.3) d) checking the fuse-disconnector by 5 times of switching on and off (15.6) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 15 |
| K (during major repairs) | Once every 8 years | P.P. a B C D) | - | |||
| 18 | Valve arresters and surge arresters | P (before commissioning) | - | a) resistance measurement (17.1) b) measurement of conduction current of arrester elements; (17.3) c) measurement of breakdown voltage of arresters (17.6) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 17 |
| M (overhaul tests) | Once a year (before a thunderstorm) | P.P. a), b) | - | |||
| K (during major repairs) | Once every 8 years | P.P. a B C) | - | |||
| 19 | Disconnectors, separators and short circuiters | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of insulation resistance; (16.1) b) high voltage tests; (16.2) c) DC resistance measurement (16.3) d) check by turning on and off 5 times (16.5) e) determination of timing characteristics (16.6) e) checking the operation of the mechanical lock (16.7) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 16 |
| K (tests during major repairs) | Once every 8 years | P.P. a B C D E F) | - | |||
| 20 | Prefabricated and connecting busbars, GRU and RU cells | P (before commissioning) | a) measurement of insulation resistance; (8.1) b) high voltage tests (8.2) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 8 |
|
| K (during major repairs) | Once every 6 years | P.P. a), b) | - | |||
| 21 | AC motors | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of the insulation resistance of the electric motor; (23.1) b) test with increased voltage frequency 50 Hz; (23.3) c) DC resistance measurement; (23.4) d) measuring the gaps between the steel of the rotor and stator; (23.5) e) checking the operation of the electric motor at idle speed; (23.7) f) checking the operation of the electric motor under load; (23.10) g) checking the operation of machine protection up to 1000 V with a power system with a grounded neutral |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 23 |
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 3 years | P.P. A); b); and); V); d) | ||||
| K (tests during major repairs) | - | P.P. A); b); V); G); d); e); and) | ||||
| 22 | Electrical wiring up to 1000 V | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of insulation resistance; (28.1) b) high voltage insulation test (28.2) c) measurement of the resistance of the phase-zero loop (28.4) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 28 |
| T (tests during current repairs) | Once every 6 years | P.P. A) | ||||
| K (during major repairs) | 1 time 12 years | P.P. A); b) | ||||
| 23 | Measurement of loop resistance phase zero and insulation resistance of explosion-proof equipment 0.4 kV | P (before commissioning) | |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 28 |
|
| M (overhaul tests) | 1 time every 2 years | P.P. A); b) | - | |||
| K (tests during major repairs) | Once every 8 years | P.P. A); b) | - | |||
| 24 | Measurement of loop resistance phase zero and insulation resistance of standard equipment (non-explosion-proof) | P (before commissioning) | - | a) measurement of insulation resistance; (28.1) b) measurement of the resistance of the phase-zero loop (28.4) |
- | PTEEP Appendix 3 clause 28 |
| M (overhaul tests) | Once every 4 years | P.P. A); b) | - | |||
| K (tests during major repairs) | Once every 8 years | P.P. A); b) | - |